TABLE 5.
Functional tests on perinatal tissue extracts alone or combined with conditioned medium (CM).
| Perinatal tissue extracts | |||
|---|---|---|---|
| PnD | Functional in vitro tests | Outcome | Reference |
| hAM extract | (i) Cell apoptosis assay | (i) Higher concentrations of hAM extract increased the percentage of apoptotic and necrotic HDF. (ii, iii) hAM extract promoted HDF proliferation and migration. | (Momeni et al., 2018) |
| (ii) Cell proliferation assay | |||
| (iii) Scratch wound assay | |||
| Placental laminin | (i) Cell differentiation assay | (i) Placental laminin purified from hP extract promoted neuronal differentiation of neuronal cell line PC12 (ii) Non-toxic concentration of placental laminin for PC12 cell treatment was determined (0.17 lg/ml). (iii) Placental laminin accelerated migration and motility of mouse embryonic fibroblasts. (iv) Blocking of integrin receptor retarded neurite outgrowth in laminin treated PC12 cells. | (Mukherjee et al., 2020) |
| (ii) Cell viability assay | |||
| (iii) Scratch wound assay | |||
| (iv) Receptor antagonist assay | |||
| a) hAM powder | (i) Biocompatibility assay | (i) Heparinized human blood biocompatibility assay showed intact blood cells upon incubation with hAM powder or hAM powder + AV gel. (ii, iii) Media containing hAM powder + AV gel promoted HaCaT and HDF cell attachment and proliferation. (iv) hAM powder + AV significantly accelerated migration of HaCaT. | (Rahman et al., 2019) |
| b) hAM powder + AV | (ii) Cell attachment assay | ||
| (iii) Cell proliferation assay | |||
| (iv) Scratch wound assay | |||
| Solubilized hAM | (i) Cell proliferation assay | (i) hAM-hyaluronic acid hydrogel accelerated proliferation of HDF and keratinocytes compared to controls. (ii) Keratinocytes and HDF remained viable following hAM-hyaluronic acid hydrogel encapsulation. | (Murphy et al., 2017) |
| (ii) Cell viability assay | |||
| hWJ-ECM | (i) Cell proliferation assay | (i) The HDF cell line HSF-PI 18 attached to, infiltrated into and proliferated on hWJ-ECM scaffolds. (ii) hWJ-ECM was not cytotoxic. | (Beiki et al., 2017) |
| (ii) Cytotoxicity assay | |||
| hWJ-ECM | (i) Cell differentiation assay | (i) hWJ-ECM promoted differentiation of HDF into myofibroblasts (confirmed by upregulation of α-SMA expression). (ii) hWJ-ECM treatment did not affect cell proliferation or (iii) cell viability of HDF. (iv) hWJ-ECM enhanced HDF migration. | (Bakhtyar et al., 2017) |
| (ii) Cell proliferation assay | |||
| (iii) Cell viability assay | |||
| (iv) Scratch wound assay | |||
| Perinatal tissue extracts combined with conditioned medium | |||
|---|---|---|---|
| PnD | Functional in vitro tests | Outcome | Reference |
| a) hP–ECM | (i) Cell apoptosis assay | (i) hP-ECM-silk fibroin scaffolds-CM had no detrimental effect on hEK, (ii) provided a non-cytotoxic environment for HDF, hEK and hAMSC to adhere, infiltrate and proliferate, (iii) and promoted vascularization. (iv) Scaffold-CM promoted the migration of HDF and hEK. | (Rameshbabu et al., 2018) |
| b) hP-ECM-CM | (ii) Cytotoxicity assay | ||
| (iii) CAM Assay | |||
| (iv) Scratch wound assay | |||
Abbreviations: α-SMA: alpha-smooth muscle actin, AV: aloe vera, HaCaT: immortalized human keratinocytes, hAM: human amniotic membrane, hAMSC: human amniotic mesenchymal stromal cells, HDF: human dermal fibroblasts, hEK: human epidermal keratinocytes, hP: human placenta, hP-ECM: human placenta extracellular matrix, hUC-WJ-ECM: human umbilical cord Wharton´s jelly extracellular matrix.