Table 2.

Subtypes and abundance of antibiotic resistant genes (ARGs) in soilborne phage genomes.

ARGs type	ARGs subtype	Soil sample source	Location	ARGs abundance	Method	References
β-lactams	bla TEM	Animal farm	India	3.09%	PCR	Anand et al. (2016)
		Soil matrices	Spain	106 –107 GC/g	qPCR	Larrañaga et al. (2018)
	bla OXA-2	Animal farm	India	3.6%	PCR	Anand et al. (2016), Chen et al. (2017)
		Raw manure	Canada	101–10 2GC/ng DNA	Model (qPCR-based)	Ross and Topp (2015)
	bla CTX-M	Dairy farm	China	7.2 × 104 –1.1 × 108 copies/g	qPCR	Zhao et al. (2019)
		Soil matrices	Spain	103 GC/g		Larrañaga et al. (2018)
Tetracycline	tetA	Animal farm	India	12.7%	PCR	Anand et al. (2016)
	tetW		India	9.1%		Anand et al. (2016)
	tetC	Greenhouse	China	102 –103 copies/g	qPCR	Sun et al. (2018)
	tetE			103 –104 copies/g		Sun et al. (2018)
	tetG			102 –104 copies/g		Sun et al. (2018)
	tetM			102 –103 copies/g		Sun et al. (2018)
	tetO			102 –104 copies/g		Sun et al. (2018)
	tetX			102 –103 copies/g		Sun et al. (2018)
	tetT	Organic fertilizer	China	/	Illumina sequencing	Chen et al. (2021)
	tetQ	Farmland soil	China	/	Illumina sequencing	Wang (2019)
	tetN
	tetV
	tetL
	tet36
	ort(A)
Quinolones	qnrA	Soil matrices	Spain	101–102 GC/g	qPCR	Larrañaga et al. (2018)
	oqxB	Farmland	China	/	Illumina sequencing	Wang (2019)
Aminoglycosides	aadA	Raw manure	Canada	102 GC/ng DNA	Model (qPCR-based)	Ross and Topp (2015)
	armA	Soil matrices	Spain	102–104 GC/g	qPCR	Larrañaga et al. (2018)
	aac(3)-1	Organic fertilizer	China	/	Illumina sequencing	Chen et al. (2021)
	aad(9)
	aac(2′)-1	Farmland	China	/	Illumina sequencing	Wang (2019)
	aadE
Sulfamethazine	sul1	Raw manure	Canada	105 GC/ng DNA	Model (qPCR-based)	Ross and Topp (2015)
	sul2	Soil matrices	Spain	104 GC/g	qPCR	Larrañaga et al. (2018)
Streptomycin	strA	Raw manure	Canada	101 GC/ng DNA	Model (qPCR-based)	Ross and Topp (2015)
	strB			100 GC/ng DNA		Ross and Topp (2015)
	vgaD	Farmland	China	/	Illumina sequencing	Wang (2019)
	vatB
	vatF
Chloramphenicol	cmlA	Dairy farm	China	3.5 × 105–1.1 × 108 copies/g	Real-time PCR	Zhao et al. (2019)
	catB	Organic fertilizer	China	/	Illumina sequencing	Chen et al. (2021)
	CA
Trimethoprim	dfrA1
	dfrB2
	dfrB6
	dfrA12
	afrA20
MLSBa	vatB
	macB
	lmrC	Farmland	China	/	Illumina sequencing	Wang (2019)
	carA
	lsaC
Vancomycin	vanD
	vanS
	vanR
Rifamycin	rpoB2
	rphB
Pleuromutilin	TaeA
Mupirocin	mupB

MLSB (Macrolide-Lincosamide-Streptogramin B).