FIGURE 1.

Metabolomics overview illustrating the key components of a metabolomics experimental workflow. While the full complement of the human metabolome remains unknown, estimates range upwards of >1 million compounds. The utility of the metabolome lies in its ability to reflect the integrated metabolic signature of gene and environment (G×E) interactions combined with dietary and lifestyle influences. Measuring the metabolome requires a three-pronged approach that includes rigorous study protocols in combination with dedicated analytical methods and field-specific data analysis. When properly executed, the metabotype can inform clinical diagnosis and treatment as a component of precision medicine approaches. SOPs: standard operating procedures; ID: identification; Dx: diagnosis; Tx: treatment.