Table 3.
Subgroup analysis for TCE versus control group on depression.
| Categorical | Level | No. of studies/ | SMD | 95% Confidence | I2, % | Test for between-group | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| moderator | comparisons | interval | hoterogeneity | |||||
| Q-value | df(Q) | p-value | ||||||
| Study design moderators | ||||||||
| Control type | Active | 6 | 0.33 | 0.07 to 0.60 | 24.2 % | 4.02 | 1 | 0.04 |
| Passive | 4 | 1.07 | 0.40 to 1.74 | 89.8% | ||||
| Sex | Male | 5 | 0.84 | 0.16 to 1.52 | 89.2% | 1.08 | 1 | 0.30 |
| Female | 5 | 0.46 | 0.21 to 0.71 | 21.2% | ||||
| Exercise moderators | ||||||||
| Exercise type | TC | 8 | 0.69 | 0.19 to 1.18 | 85.0% | 0.48 | 1 | 0.49 |
| Qigong | 2 | 0.49 | 0.24 to 0.74 | 0% | ||||
| Frequency | 1–2 | 1 | 0.24 | −0.44 to 0.93 | 0% | |||
| 3–4 | 4 | 1.06 | 0.39 to 1.74 | 84.6% | 3.72 | 2 | 0.16 | |
| ≥5 | 5 | 0.39 | 0.12 to 0.66 | 42.1% | ||||
| Exercise duration | 12 weeks | 4 | 0.84 | 0.15 to 1.54 | 85.6% | |||
| 13–23 weeks | 3 | 0.76 | −0.004 to 1.53 | 89.5% | 3.20 | 2 | 0.20 | |
| ≥24 weeks | 3 | 0.25 | −0.08 to 0.58 | 0% | ||||
| Exercise session time | ≤ 45 | 5 | 0.68 | 0.10 to 1.27 | 82.8% | 0.03 | 1 | 0.87 |
| >45 | 5 | 0.62 | 0.09 to 1.15 | 84.6% | ||||
SMD, standardized mean difference; df, degree of freedom.