Table 1.
Summary of reported case reports of corneal graft rejection after COVID-19 vaccination
| Study | Age | Sex | Type of graft | Vaccine type | Interval postvaccination (D for days and W for weeks) | Interval postgraft (M for months and Y for years) | Laterality | Risk factor | Treatment | Outcome |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Abousy et al. [1] | 73 | F | DSAEK | mRNA-based | 2 W after the second dose | 8Y | Bilateral | None | Topical steroid | Resolved |
| Simão and Kwitko [28] | 63 | F | PKP (× 3) LASIK | Inactivated vaccine (Sinovac) | 1 D after the first dose and the second dose | 4 Y (last PKP) | Unilateral | Regraft | Topical steroid and polydimethylsiloxane | Not resolved |
| Nioi et al. [30] | 44 | F | PKP | mRNA-based | 13 D after the first dose | 25Y | Unilateral | None | Topical steroids + vitamin D supplement | Resolved |
| Rallis et al. [7] | 68 | F | PKP | mRNA-based | 4 D after the first dose | 4M | Unilateral | Regraft | Topical steroids | Resolved |
| Ravichandran and Natarajan [8] | 62 | M | PKP | Recombinant vector-based | 3 W after the first dose | 2 Y | Unilateral | None | Topical steroids | Resolved |
| Phylactou et al. [9] Patient #1 | 66 | F | DMEK | mRNA-based | 1W after the first dose | 3 W | Unilateral | Recency | Topical steroids | Resolved |
| Phylactou et al. [9] Patient #2 | 83 | F | DSAEK | mRNA-based | 3 W after the second dose | 3Y | Bilateral | Regraft | Topical steroids | Resolved |
| Wasser et al. [10] Patient #1 | 73 | M | PKP | mRNA-based | 2 W after the first dose | 1Y | Unilateral | Regraft | Topical+ systemic steroids | Resolved |
| Wasser et al. [10] Patient #2 | 56 | M | PKP | mRNA-based | 2 W after the first dose | 10 M | Unilateral | Regraft | Topical steroids | Resolved |
| Crnej et al. [11] | 71 | M | DMEK | mRNA-based | 1 W after the first dose | 5M | Unilateral | None | Topical steroids | Resolved |
| Balidis etal. [12] Patient#l | 77 | F | DMEK | mRNA-based | 1 W after the first dose | 12 M | Unilateral | Regraft | Topical + systemic steroids | Resolved |
| Balidis etal. [12] Patient #2 | 64 | F | PKP | mRNA-based | 1 W after the second dose | 3Y | Unilateral | Regraft | Topical + intracameral steroids | Resolved |
| Balidis etal. [12] Patient #3 | 69 | M | PKP | adenoviral vector-based | 5 D after the first dose | 22 M | Unilateral | None | Topical + systemic steroids | Resolved |
| Balidis et al. [12] Patient #4 | 63 | M | DSAEK | adenoviral vector-based | 10 D after the first dose | 9M | Unilateral | Regraft | Topical steroids | Resolved |
| de la Presa et al. [13] | 27 | F | LR-CLAL (× 2) | mRNA-based | 2 W after the first dose | 4Y 7M | Unilateral | Re graft | Topical steroid and systemic steroid | Resolved |
| Parmar et al. [14] | 35 | M | PKP | adenoviral vector-based | 2 D after the first dose | 6M | Unilateral | Re graft | Topical and systemic steroid | Resolved |
| Rajagopal and Priyanka [15] | 79 | M | DSAEK & PKP (× 2) | vector-based | 6 W after the second dose | 5Y | Unilateral | Re graft | Topical and systemic steroid | Resolved |
| Shah et al. [16] Patient#l | 74 | M | DMEK | mRNA-based | 1 W after the first dose | 5 M | Unilateral | None | Topical steroid | Resolving |
| Shah, et al. [16] Patient#2 [16] | 61 | F | Tectonic then optical PKP and repair | mRNA-based | 3 W after the first dose | 1 Y (last surgery) | Unilateral | Re graft | Topical steroid | Resolving |
| Shah et al. [16] Patient#3 | 69 | F | DSAEK | mRNA-based | 2 W after the second dose | 6Y | Unilateral | DM Salzmann-nodular degeneration | Topical steroid | Resolved |
| Shah et al. [16] Patient#4 | 77 | M | PKP | mRNA-based | 1 W after the second dose | 22 Y | Unilateral | None | Topical steroid | Resolved |
| Yu et al. [17] | 51 | M | PKP | SARS-CoV-2 mRNA-1273 Moderna vaccine | 3 D after the first dose | 3 W | Unilateral | Regraft | Topical steroid | Not resolved |
PKP, penetrating keratoplasty; DSAEK, descemet stripping automated endothelial keratoplasty; DMEK, descemet membrane endothelial keratoplasty; LASIK, laser-assisted in situ keratomileusis. DM, diabetes mellitus.