. 2022 Aug 4;13:937073. doi: 10.3389/fpls.2022.937073

TABLE 5.

Impact of root activator (RA) and phosphorus (P) levels on N in seed (%), N in straw (%), total N uptake (kg ha^–¹), N recovery efficiency (NRE), and N use efficiency (NUE).

Factor		N in seeds	N in straw	Total N uptake	NRE	NUE
RA
RA0 (control)		2.71 ± 0.086^d	0.33 ± 0.009^d	27.95 ± 1.94^d	79.85 ± 5.55^d	23.86 ± 1.12^d
RA1 (1.25 l ha^–1)	3.03 ± 0.095^c	0.38 ± 0.011^c	46.56 ± 3.78^c	133.04 ± 10.80^c	34.09 ± 1.80^c
RA2 (2.50 l ha^–1)		3.85 ± 0.083^b	0.46 ± 0.009^b	67.29 ± 4.05^b	192.26 ± 11.58^b	40.16 ± 1.88^b
RA3 (3.75 l ha^–1)		4.07 ± 0.065^a	0.47 ± 0.008^a	74.02 ± 3.95^a	211.48 ± 11.29^a	42.30 ± 2.02^a
P
P0 (control)		3.02 ± 0.070^d	0.37 ± 0.017^d	37.81 ± 4.26^d	108.04 ± 12.19^d	27.21 ± 1.80^d
P1 (50 kg P₂O₅ ha^–1)		3.36 ± 0.095^c	0.41 ± 0.020^c	49.91 ± 5.20^c	142.60 ± 14.86^c	32.74 ± 1.73^c
P2 (75 kg P₂O₅ ha^–1)		3.53 ± 0.079^b	0.42 ± 0.018^b	60.51 ± 6.46^b	172.88 ± 18.47^b	38.88 ± 2.67^b
P3 (100 kg P₂O₅ ha^–1)		3.76 ± 0.068^a	0.45 ± 0.017^a	67.59 ± 6.02^a	193.12 ± 17.20^a	41.59 ± 2.45^a
Interaction
RA0	P0	2.35 ± 0.033^k	0.30 ± 0.002^j	18.75 ± 0.23ⁿ	53.58 ± 0.87ⁿ	18.05 ± 0.07^m
	P1	2.59 ± 0.036^j	0.32 ± 0.017^h,j	26.14 ± 0.25^m	74.70 ± 0.93^m	23.53 ± 0.09^c
	P2	2.80 ± 0.016^h,i	0.34 ± 0.009^h	30.54 ± 0.13^c	87.25 ± 0.97^c	25.72 ± 0.31^k
	P3	3.12 ± 0.046^g	0.37 ± 0.010^g	36.36 ± 0.72^k	103.89 ± 1.16^k	28.15 ± 0.25^j
	P0	2.61 ± 0.037^i,j	0.33 ± 0.007^h,i	30.32 ± 0.46^c	86.62 ± 1.33^c	25.79 ± 0.10^k
RA1	P1	2.87 ± 0.040^h	0.37 ± 0.008^g	41.20 ± 0.63^j	117.72 ± 1.80^j	32.24 ± 0.13ⁱ
	P2	3.10 ± 0.029^g	0.39 ± 0.003^f	50.33 ± 0.27^h	143.81 ± 0.79^h	36.07 ± 0.24 ^g
	P3	3.54 ± 0.053^e,f	0.43 ± 0.004^e	64.41 ± 0.69^f	184.02 ± 1.12^f	42.25 ± 0.65^d
	P0	3.41 ± 0.032^f	0.42 ± 0.006^e,f	47.38 ± 0.34ⁱ	135.38 ± 0.99ⁱ	31.47 ± 0.17ⁱ
RA2	P1	3.84 ± 0.036^c,d	0.46 ± 0.006^c,d	63.03 ± 0.46^f	180.08 ± 1.12^f	37.11 ± 0.20^f
	P2	4.01 ± 0.030^b,c	0.47 ± 0.009^b	76.61 ± 0.33^d	218.88 ± 0.96^d	45.09 ± 0.19^c
	P3	4.14 ± 0.031^a,b	0.49 ± 0.005^a,b	82.15 ± 0.35^c	234.72 ± 1.01^c	46.97 ± 0.15^b
	P0	3.72 ± 0.055 ^de	0.44 ± 0.002^d,e	54.80 ± 0.45^g	156.58 ± 1.43^g	33.51 ± 0.37^h
RA3	P1	4.13 ± 0.061^a,b	0.48 ± 0.003^b	69.27 ± 0.77^e	197.92 ± 1.07^e	38.08 ± 0.43^e
	P2	4.21 ± 0.023^a,b	0.47 ± 0.010^b,c	84.56 ± 0.55^b	241.59 ± 1.58^b	48.66 ± 0.36^a
	P3	4.24 ± 0.026^a	0.51 ± 0.016^a	87.45 ± 0.48^a	249.85 ± 1.05^a	48.98 ± 0.21^a

ANOVA	df	*P-value*

RA	3	<0.001	<0.001	<0.001	<0.001	<0.001
P	3	<0.001	<0.001	<0.001	<0.001	<0.001
RA × P	9	<0.001	0.013	<0.001	<0.001	<0.001

Means followed by different letters under the same factor are significantly different according to Tukey’s HSD test (p ≤ 0.05).