(A–D) Compared with normal control, the mRNA levels of NEDD8, UBA3, UBE2M and RBX1 were significantly higher in AML patients. (E–G) As revealed by FAB subtype analysis, the mRNA expression levels of NEDD8, UBE2M and RBX1 were higher in patients with AML-M2, M4 and M5 than those in healthy controls. In patients with AML-M5, the mRNA expression of UBA3 was higher than that in the control group. (H–K) Survival analysis revealed that the OS rate of patients with overexpression of NEDD8, UBA3, UBE2M and RBX1 was lower than that of patients with low-expression. ROC curves were plotted based on the mRNA expression levels of NEDD8, UBA3, UBE2M and RBX1, respectively, and Jorden index was calculated to determine the cut-off value (NEDD8, 1.4257; UBA3, 1.6511; UBE2M, 1.6146; RBX1, 1.4026) to divide the samples into high and low expression groups. An independent sample t-test was conducted to compare the means between the two groups. Triplicates were set for each gene in each sample for RT-qPCR. Chi-square test was performed to compare the qualitative data. The KM method was employed to draw the survival curves of patients, and log-rank tests were utilized to compare the survival rates. Univariate and multivariate Cox analyses were adopted to determine whether the expression of the interested genes was the independent prognostic factor for OS; ***P<0.001, **P<0.01, *P<0.05.