Table 2.
Association of aromatic hydrocarbon solvent cumulative intensity exposure* with risk of multiple myeloma†‡
| Any exposure (quartiles of cumulative intensity) | High-probability exposure (quartiles of cumulative intensity)§¶ | |||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
|
|
|
|||||||
| Cases | Controls | Cases | Controls | |||||
|
| ||||||||
| Benzene | Unexposed | 1921 | 7513 | Referent | Unexposed | 1921 | 7513 | Referent |
| – | Low-probability/medium-probability exposure | 637 | 2210 | 0.95 (0.85 to 1.06) | ||||
| High-probability exposure | ||||||||
| Quartile 1 | 179 | 769 | 0.91 (0.76 to 1.09) | Quartile 1 | 43 | 220 | 0.76 (0.54 to 1.07) | |
| Quartile 2 | 232 | 801 | 0.94 (0.80 to 1.11) | Quartile 2 | 76 | 252 | 1.06 (0.81 to 1.40) | |
| Quartile 3 | 231 | 811 | 0.94 (0.80 to 1.12) | Quartile 3 | 67 | 231 | 1.07 (0.80 to 1.44) | |
| Quartile 4 | 271 | 743 | 1.16 (0.98 to 1.37) | Quartile 4 | 88 | 209 | 1.42 (1.08 to 1.86) | |
| P trend=0.10 | P trend=0.01 | |||||||
| Toluene | Unexposed | 2063 | 7969 | Referent | Unexposed | 2063 | 7969 | Referent |
| – | Low-probability/medium-probability exposure | 493 | 1754 | 0.90 (0.80 to 1.02) | ||||
| High-probability exposure | ||||||||
| Quartile 1 | 164 | 704 | 0.91 (0.75 to 1.09) | Quartile 1 | 58 | 259 | 0.86 (0.63 to 1.16) | |
| Quartile 2 | 189 | 669 | 0.90 (0.75 to 1.07) | Quartile 2 | 59 | 224 | 0.96 (0.71 to 1.30) | |
| Quartile 3 | 193 | 671 | 0.94 (0.79 to 1.12) | Quartile 3 | 66 | 228 | 1.09 (0.81 to 1.46) | |
| Quartile 4 | 224 | 628 | 1.12 (0.94 to 1.34) | Quartile 4 | 92 | 204 | 1.63 (1.25 to 2.12) | |
| P trend=0.22 | P trend=0.0007 | |||||||
| Xylene | Unexposed | 2107 | 8103 | Referent | Unexposed | 2107 | 8103 | Referent |
| – | Low-probability/medium-probability exposure | 456 | 1640 | 0.88 (0.78 to 1.00) | ||||
| High-probability exposure | ||||||||
| Quartile 1 | 153 | 672 | 0.88 (0.72 to 1.06) | Quartile 1 | 58 | 260 | 0.85 (0.63 to 1.15) | |
| Quartile 2 | 178 | 650 | 0.87 (0.72 to 1.04) | Quartile 2 | 54 | 214 | 0.91 (0.66 to 1.24) | |
| Quartile 3 | 181 | 622 | 0.96 (0.80 to 1.15) | Quartile 3 | 67 | 231 | 1.09 (0.81 to 1.45) | |
| Quartile 4 | 215 | 602 | 1.12 (0.95 to 1.33) | Quartile 4 | 90 | 198 | 1.63 (1.25 to 2.13) | |
| P trend=0.22 | P trend=0.0006 | |||||||
| BTXf | Unexposed | 1898 | 7391 | Referent | Unexposed | 1898 | 7391 | Referent |
| Low-probability/medium-probability exposure | 619 | 2194 | 0.92 (0.82 to 1.03) | |||||
| High-probability exposure | ||||||||
| Quartile 1 | 219 | 917 | 0.92 (0.78 to 1.08) | Quartile 1 | 60 | 293 | 0.77 (0.57 to 1.03) | |
| Quartile 2 | 217 | 746 | 0.93 (0.79 to 1.11) | Quartile 2 | 72 | 241 | 1.08 (0.81 to 1.43) | |
| Quartile 3 | 213 | 805 | 0.87 (0.73 to 1.03) | Quartile 3 | 78 | 282 | 1.01 (0.77 to 1.33) | |
| Quartile 4 | 285 | 774 | 1.16 (0.98 to 1.36) | Quartile 4 | 103 | 229 | 1.57 (1.22 to 2.03) | |
| P trend=0.14 | P trend=0.001 | |||||||
Cumulative intensity estimated as job-specific exposure intensity multiplied by job duration, summed across all jobs.
ORs and 95% CIs from logistic regression models, with adjustment for study, study centre, age, sex, education and race.
P value for a continuous variable with values set as the median of each cumulative intensity quartile category.
Models for high-probability exposure include a separate category for low-probability/medium-probability exposure; this category is not included in trend test.
Ns may be slightly lower for high-probability exposure than for any exposure, if missing duration in high-probability jobs.
Coded according to benzene, toluene or xylene exposure in a job.