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. 2022 Apr 21;39(9):2658–2679. doi: 10.1177/02654075221087190

Table 2.

Means, standard deviations and correlations for all stigma indicators.

Mean (mid-point of scale) Deviation from mid-point of the scale SD N observations
Own loneliness (covar) 2.55 (3) −0.45 1.12 40,474
Controllability 2.95 (3) −0.05 0.76 40,143
Causal attributions 0.06 (0) 0.06 0.51 34,317
Stigma in the community 3.76 (4) −0.24 1.25 8461
Shame 4.51 (4) 0.51 1.63 8826
Impressions 4.62 (4) 0.62 0.71 9456
Tendency to conceal 4.58 (4) 0.58 1.71 9572

Variables in the first three rows were presented to all participants, whereas variables in the last four rows were only presented to participants in the ‘stigma branch’ of the study. Sample sizes vary further due to missing data.

All means were significantly different from the mid-point of the scale (all ps < .001 in t-test).