Table 2.
Baseline characteristics of different patient groups included in the study
| Variable | Control | Diabetes patients | Pre-diabetes patients | P-value |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Sex | ||||
| Female | 7 (35.0%) | 13 (65.0%) | 9 (45.0%) | 0.197 |
| Male | 13 (65.0%) | 7 (35.0%) | 11 (55.0%) | |
| Age groups (years) | ||||
| ≤ 45 | 39.33 ± 2.12 | 40.6 ± 3.78 | 40.83 ± 3.6 | 0.68 |
| 46–60 | 50.5 ± 4.59 | 51.88 ± 4.40 | 53.85 ± 5.33 | |
| > 61 | 63.8 ± 3.03 | 66.16 ± 2.63 | 65 ± 2.51 | |
| BMI groups (kg/m2) | ||||
| ≤ 25 | 23.36 ± 1.48 | 23.68 ± 1.25 | 23.29 ± 1.44 | 0.19 |
| 25–30 | 26.59 ± 1.24 | 27.32 ± 1.17 | 27.82 ± 1.21 | |
| > 30 | 32.19 ± 1.40 | 33.68 ± 2.76 | 35.2 ± 4.41 | |
| BP (mm Hg) | 12.80 ± 1.60 | 12.58 ± 1.66 | 11.74 ± 1.52 | 0.070 |
| FBG (mg/dl) | 89.95 ± 7.76 | 166.05 ± 68.26b | 104.35 ± 8.73b | < 0.001*** |
| HbA1c (%) | 5.43 ± 0.36 | 8.01 ± 1.64a | 5.87 ± 0.41b | < 0.001*** |
| TG (mg/dl) | 132.60 ± 94.79 | 230.85 ± 100.54a | 168.85 ± 72.25b | < 0.001*** |
| TC (mg/dl) | 197.55 ± 38.62 | 197.85 ± 51.06 | 193.85 ± 31.67 | 0.987 |
| HDL (mg/dl) | 47.09 ± 14.37 | 45.71 ± 12.95 | 46.07 ± 9.41 | 0.782 |
| LDL (mg/dl) | 124.20 ± 33.82 | 103.61 ± 44.55 | 116.90 ± 26.17 | 0.261 |
| Cr (mg/dl) | 1.01 ± 0.10 | 1.13 ± 1.07 | 1.03 ± 0.18 | 0.043 |
| BUN (mg/dl) | 13.95 ± 2.42 | 15.20 ± 3.82 | 15.40 ± 3.60 | 0.486 |
Numeric data are expressed as Mean ± SD and were compared by the Kruskal–Wallis test and Chi-square test. Categorical data were summarized as frequency (percentage) and were compared by chi-square test
BMI Body mass index, BP Blood pressure, HbA1c glycated hemoglobin, TG Triglyceride, TC Total cholesterol, HDL-C High-density lipoprotein cholesterol, LDL Low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, Cr Creatinine, BUN Blood urea nitrogen.
a P < 0.05 Control vs. Diabetes patients
b P < 0.05 Control vs. Pre-diabetes patients