Table 2.
Prevalence of prehypertension and hypertension by predictor variables
| Predictor variables | Number of individuals | Normal BP | Prehypertension | Hypertension | Statistic | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| (N) | (%) | (N) | (%) | (N) | (%) | χ2 / Kruskal-Wallis | df | P value | ||
| 2175 | 32.2% | 2452 | 36.2% | 2138 | 31.6% | |||||
| CI 95% (31.0–33.3) | CI 95% (35.2–37.5) | CI 95% (30.5–32.7) | ||||||||
| Gender | ||||||||||
| Male | 2968 | 847 | 28.5 | 1282 | 43.2 | 839 | 28.3 | 110.53 a | 2 | <0.001 |
| Female | 3797 | 1328 | 35 | 1170 | 30.8 | 1299 | 34.2 | |||
| Age group (years) | ||||||||||
| 18–29 | 1446 | 788 | 54.5 | 512 | 35.4 | 146 | 10.1 | 1281.52 a | 6 | <0.001 |
| 30–44 | 2659 | 951 | 35.8 | 1120 | 42.1 | 588 | 22.1 | |||
| 45–59 | 1872 | 361 | 19.3 | 647 | 34.6 | 864 | 46.2 | |||
| 60–69 | 788 | 75 | 9.5 | 173 | 22 | 540 | 68.5 | |||
| Marital status | ||||||||||
| Never married | 1642 | 779 | 47.4 | 628 | 38.2 | 235 | 14.3 | 446.765 a | 6 | <0.001 |
| Current married/Cohabitating | 4676 | 1307 | 28 | 1694 | 36.2 | 1675 | 35.8 | |||
| Separated/Divorced | 202 | 57 | 28.2 | 69 | 34.2 | 76 | 37.6 | |||
| Widowed | 239 | 28 | 11.7 | 60 | 25.1 | 151 | 63.2 | |||
| Level of education | ||||||||||
| No formal school | 1140 | 184 | 16.1 | 368 | 32.3 | 588 | 51.6 | 423.42 a | 8 | <0.001 |
| Primary school | 1053 | 240 | 22.8 | 407 | 38.7 | 406 | 38.6 | |||
| Moyen school | 1600 | 556 | 34.8 | 604 | 37.8 | 440 | 27.5 | |||
| Secondary school | 1566 | 598 | 38.2 | 585 | 37.4 | 383 | 24.5 | |||
| University | 1390 | 589 | 42.4 | 485 | 34.9 | 316 | 22.7 | |||
| Locality | ||||||||||
| Urban | 4562 | 1512 | 33.1 | 1573 | 34.5 | 1477 | 32.4 | 18.97 a | 2 | <0.001 |
| Rural | 2203 | 663 | 30.1 | 879 | 39.9 | 661 | 30 | |||
| Geographical region | ||||||||||
| North-Centre | 2448 | 824 | 33.7 | 851 | 34.8 | 773 | 31.6 | 13.24 a | 8 | NS |
| North -West | 1470 | 473 | 32.2 | 526 | 35.8 | 471 | 32 | |||
| North -East | 2104 | 624 | 29.7 | 799 | 38 | 681 | 32.4 | |||
| South -West | 215 | 74 | 34.4 | 76 | 35.3 | 65 | 30.2 | |||
| South- East | 528 | 180 | 34.1 | 200 | 37.9 | 148 | 28 | |||
| Occupation | ||||||||||
| Unemployed (able and not able to work) /Student/No paid | 1630 | 662 | 40.6 | 573 | 35.2 | 395 | 24.2 | 403.71 a | 10 | <0.001 |
| Government employee | 1162 | 430 | 37 | 438 | 37.7 | 294 | 25.3 | |||
| Non-government employee | 703 | 233 | 33.1 | 302 | 43 | 168 | 23.9 | |||
| Self-employed | 788 | 220 | 27.9 | 373 | 47.3 | 195 | 24.7 | |||
| Homemaker | 1974 | 564 | 28.6 | 615 | 31.2 | 795 | 40.3 | |||
| Retired | 495 | 59 | 11.9 | 147 | 29.7 | 289 | 58.4 | |||
| Wealth index (Family monthly income quintile) | ||||||||||
| Lowest (less than or equal to SMIG) | 1172 | 344 | 29.4 | 415 | 35.4 | 413 | 35.2 | 8.29 a | 8 | NS |
| Second lowest (More than to SMIG, less than or equal to 2x SMIG | 1628 | 524 | 32.2 | 586 | 36 | 518 | 31.8 | |||
| Midle (More than to 2x SMIG, less than or equal to 3x SMIG | 692 | 230 | 33.2 | 249 | 36 | 213 | 30.8 | |||
| Second highest (More than to 3xSMIG,less than or equal to 4x SMIG) | 265 | 93 | 35.1 | 93 | 35.1 | 79 | 29.8 | |||
| Highest (More than to4xSMIG) | 364 | 115 | 31.6 | 125 | 34.3 | 124 | 34.1 | |||
| Smoking | ||||||||||
| Never smoked | 5203 | 1741 | 33.5 | 1797 | 34.5 | 1665 | 32 | 98.57 a | 4 | <0.001 |
| Past smoked | 754 | 161 | 21.4 | 291 | 38.6 | 302 | 40.1 | |||
| Current Daily smoked | 808 | 273 | 33.8 | 364 | 45 | 171 | 21.2 | |||
| Physical activity | ||||||||||
| Low (< 150 Min/week) | 1315 | 406 | 30.9 | 457 | 34.8 | 452 | 34.4 | 5.79 a | 2 | NS |
| High (More 150 Min/week) | 5450 | 1769 | 32.5 | 1995 | 36.6 | 1686 | 30.9 | |||
| Fruit and vegetables consumption | ||||||||||
| < 5 fruit/veg/day | 5592 | 1790 | 32 | 2023 | 36.2 | 1779 | 31.8 | 0.86 a | 2 | NS |
| More 5 fruit/veg/day | 978 | 325 | 33.2 | 355 | 36.3 | 298 | 30.5 | |||
| BMI (Kg/m2) | ||||||||||
| < 18,5 (Underwieght) | 219 | 135 | 61.6 | 55 | 25.1 | 29 | 13.1 | 432.65 a | 6 | <0.001 |
| 18,5–24,9 (Normal weight) | 2400 | 966 | 40.3 | 930 | 38.8 | 504 | 21 | |||
| 25–29,9 (Overweight) | 2303 | 627 | 27.2 | 888 | 38.6 | 788 | 34.2 | |||
| ≥ 30 (Obese) | 1631 | 358 | 21.9 | 514 | 31.5 | 759 | 46.5 | |||
| Abdominal obesity | ||||||||||
| No (Low) | 2106 | 891 | 42.3 | 841 | 39.9 | 374 | 17.8 | 309.26 a | 2 | <0.001 |
| Yes (High) | 4429 | 1191 | 26.9 | 1536 | 34.7 | 1702 | 38.4 | |||
| Blood glucose (Hyperglycemia) | ||||||||||
| Yes | 600 | 76 | 12.7 | 134 | 22.3 | 390 | 65 | 196.46 a | 2 | <0.001 |
| No | 2825 | 905 | 32 | 938 | 33.2 | 982 | 34.8 | |||
| Cholesterol (Hypercholesterolemia) | ||||||||||
| Yes | 665 | 102 | 15.3 | 139 | 20.9 | 424 | 63.8 | 116.91 a | 2 | <0.001 |
| No | 1578 | 462 | 29.3 | 500 | 31.7 | 616 | 39 | |||
| Heart attacks | ||||||||||
| Yes | 410 | 107 | 26.1 | 91 | 22.2 | 212 | 51.7 | 84.82 a | 2 | <0.001 |
| No | 6344 | 2063 | 32.5 | 2360 | 37.2 | 1921 | 30.3 | |||
| Blood pressure | ||||||||||
| SBP (mmHg) M (P25 ~ P75) | 112 (107.5 ~ 116) | 127.5 (123 ~ 132.5) | 144.5 (134.5 ~ 155.5) | 4619.46b | <0.001 | |||||
| DBP (mmHg) M (P25 ~ P75) | 69 (63.5 ~ 74) | 77 (71.5 ~ 82) | 82.5 (75 ~ 90) | 1912.45 b | <0.001 | |||||
| Heart Rate | ||||||||||
| HR (bpm) M (P25 ~ P75) | 76 (69 ~ 83.5) | 77 (70 ~ 84.5) | 78.5 (71 ~ 86) | 47.23 b | <0.001 | |||||
Continuous variables were presented as median (IQR) and compared using the Kruskal-Wallis test
Categorical variables were expressed as effectives /percentages and analyzed by the χ2 test
Variables are shown as M (P25 ~ P75) or percentage
aχ2 test
bKruskal-Wallis test
df Degrees of freedom