Fig. 5.

Lack of elevated potassium-induced excitation of the respiratory central pattern generator (CPG) in preparations from prenatally TiO₂ NP-exposed offspring. A Schematic of experimental procedure. B Raw extracellular burst activity recorded from a C4 ventral root in isolated preparations from unexposed (Control, green traces) and prenatally TiO₂ NP (200 µg/g)-exposed (purple traces) neonates during bath perfusion of saline with normal (3.35 mM, upper traces) and elevated (8.00 mM, lower traces) concentrations of K⁺. C Bar charts showing changes in spontaneous burst frequency (mean ± SEM) in control (green bars) and prenatally TiO₂ NP-exposed (purple bars) groups under normal (3.35 mM) and elevated (8.00 mM) K⁺ saline. Data were pooled from P0 to P3. The number of animals is indicated in each bar. ***p < 0.001; ns, not statistically significant