Table 2.
Resistance to tested antibiotics in Gram-negative ESKAPEE bacterial isolates
| Antibiotic class | Antibiotic Name | No. resistance isolates (%) (n = 401) | K. pneumoniae (%) (n = 102) | A. baumannii (%) (n = 97) | P. aeruginosa (%) (n = 20) | Enterobacter spp. (%) (n = 4) | E. coli (%) (n = 178) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Carbapenem | Ertapenem | 196 (49) | 55 (54) | 97 (100) | 20 (100) | 4 (100) | 20 (11) |
| Imipenem | 178 (44) | 58 (57) | 95 (98) | 14 (70) | 0 | 11 (6) | |
| Meropenem | 176 (44) | 59 (58) | 95 (98) | 12 (60) | 0 | 9 (5) | |
| Cephem | Cefazolin1 | 401 (100) | 102 (100) | 97 (100) | 20 (100) | 4 (100) | 178 (100) |
| Cephalothin1 | 395 (98) | 99 (97) | 97 (100) | 20 (100) | 4 (100) | 178 (100) | |
| Cefuroxime2 | 386 (96) | 99 (97) | 97 (100) | 20 (100) | 4 (100) | 166 (93) | |
| Cefoxitin2 | 344 (86) | 59 (58) | 97 (100) | 20 (100) | 4 (100) | 164 (92) | |
| Cefotaxime3 | 398 (99) | 102 (100) | 94 (97) | 20 (100) | 2 (50) | 178 (100) | |
| Ceftazidime3 | 378 (94) | 99 (97) | 94 (97) | 15 (75) | 3 (75) | 167 (94) | |
| Ceftriaxone3 | 379 (95) | 97 (95) | 94 (97) | 20 (100) | 4 (100) | 164 (92) | |
| Cefepime4 | 373 (93) | 99 (97) | 94 (97) | 15 (75) | 3 (75) | 162 (91) | |
| Monobactam | Aztreonam | 380 (95) | 99 (97) | 97 (100) | 14 (70) | 3 (75) | 167 (94) |
| β-Lactam inhibitor | Ampicillin | 397 (99) | 102 (100) | 97 (100) | 20 (100) | 4 (100) | 174 (98) |
| Ampicillin-Sulbactam | 401 (100) | 102 (100) | 97 (100) | 20 (100) | 4 (100) | 178 (100) | |
| Amoxicillin-Clavulanate | 388 (97) | 100 (98) | 97 (100) | 20 (100) | 4 (100) | 167 (94) | |
| Piperacillin | 389 (97) | 102 (100) | 97 (100) | 10 (50) | 2 (50) | 178 (100) | |
| Piperacillin-Tazobactam | 188 (47) | 71 (70) | 94 (97) | 6 (30) | 3 (75) | 14 (8) | |
| 5-Fluoroquinolone | Ciprofloxacin | 348 (87) | 86 (84) | 94 (97) | 14 (70) | 3 (75) | 151 (85) |
| Levofloxacin | 341 (85) | 88 (86) | 91 (94) | 10 (50) | 2 (50) | 150 (84) | |
| Moxifloxacin | 355 (88) | 86 (84) | 97 (100) | 20 (100) | 2 (50) | 150 (84) | |
| Norfloxacin | 349 (87) | 84 (82) | 94 (97) | 14 (70) | 4 (100) | 153 (86) | |
| Folate Antagonist | Trimethoprim | 326 (82) | 84 (82) | 97 (100) | 20 (100) | 0 | 125 (70) |
| Trimethoprim-Sulfamethoxazole | 300 (75) | 87 (85) | 74 (76) | 20 (100) | 0 | 119 (67) | |
| Aminoglycoside | Gentamicin | 249 (62) | 44 (43) | 88 (91) | 11 (55) | 3 (75) | 103 (58) |
| Amikacin | 94 (23) | 0 | 85 (88) | 0 | 2 (50) | 7 (4) | |
| Tobramycin | 228 (57) | 73 (72) | 69 (71) | 11 (55) | 2 (50) | 73 (41) | |
| Tetracycline | Tetracycline | 341 (85) | 94 (92) | 88 (91) | 20 (100) | 2 (50) | 137 (77) |
| Nitrofurantoin | Nitrofurantoin | 201 (47) | 61 (60) | 97 (100) | 20 (100) | 4 (100) | 7 (4) |
| Chloramphenicol | Chloramphenicol | 196 (49) | 26 (25) | 97 (100) | 20 (100) | 0 | 53 (30) |
| Polymyxin | Colistin | 7 (1.7) | 1(1) | 0 | 0 | 0 | 6 (3) |
1,2,3,41st, 2nd, 3rd, and 4th generation of cephalosporin