Table 4.
Antibiotic resistance genes in ESKAPEE bacteria isolates
| Resistance phenotypes | AMR genes | E. faecium (n = 5) | S. aureus (n = 25) | K. pneumoniae (n = 102) | A. baumannii (n = 97) | P. aeruginosa (n = 20) | Enterobacter spp. (n = 4) | E. coli (n = 178) | Total (GNa = 401, GPb = 30) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Carbapenemase genes | NDM | N/A | N/A | 56 (55%) | 4 (4%) | 1 (5%) | 1 (25%) | 7 (4%) | 69 (17%) |
| KPC | N/A | N/A | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 (0.5%) | 1 (0.25%) | |
| OXA-48 like | N/A | N/A | 48 (47%) | 0 | 0 | 0 | 2 (1%) | 50 (13%) | |
| IMP | N/A | N/A | 1 (1%) | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 (0.25%) | |
| VIM | N/A | N/A | 0 | 0 | 2 (10%) | 0 | 0 | 2 (0.5%) | |
| OXA-23 | N/A | N/A | 0 | 93 (97%) | 0 | 0 | 0 | 93 (23%) | |
| OXA-24 | N/A | N/A | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | |
| β-lactamase genes | TEM | N/A | N/A | 84 (82%) | 77 (79%) | 0 | 3 (75%) | 63 (35%) | 227 (57%) |
| SHV | N/A | N/A | 31 (30%) | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 31 (8%) | |
| OXA | N/A | N/A | 18 (18%) | 0 | 0 | 3 (75%) | 42 (24%) | 63 (16%) | |
| CTX-M group 1 | N/A | N/A | 91 (89%) | 2 | 0 | 3 (75%) | 86 (48%) | 182 (45%) | |
| CTX-M group 9 | N/A | N/A | 4 (4%) | 0 | 0 | 0 | 68 (38%) | 72 (18%) | |
| CTX-M group 8/25 | N/A | N/A | 1 (1%) | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 (0.25%) | |
| DHA | N/A | N/A | 4 (4%) | 0 | 0 | 0 | 4 (2%) | 8 (2%) | |
| CMY | N/A | N/A | 14 (14%) | 0 | 0 | 0 | 13 (7%) | 27 (7%) | |
| PER | N/A | N/A | 0 | 3 (3%) | 1 (5%) | 0 | 0 | 4 (1%) | |
| VEB | N/A | N/A | 0 | 2 (2%) | 5 (25%) | 0 | 1 (0.5%) | 8 (2%) | |
| Colistin resistance genes | mcr-1 | N/A | N/A | 1 (1%) | 0 | 0 | 0 | 3 (1.6%) | 4 (1%) |
| mcr-3 | N/A | N/A | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 (0.5%) | 1 (0.25%) | |
| mcr-1, mcr-3 | N/A | N/A | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 2 (1%) | 2 (0.5%) | |
| Methicillin resistance gene | mecA | N/A | 21 (84%) | N/A | N/A | N/A | N/A | N/A | 21 (70%) |
| Vancomycin resistance gene | vanA | 5 (100%) | N/A | N/A | N/A | N/A | N/A | N/A | 5 (17%) |
aGN: Gram-negative bacteria
bGP: Gram-Positive bacteria
N/A not applicable, OXA-48 like: OXA-181, OXA-232 and OXA-247; CTX-M group 1: CTX-M-15 and CTX-M-55; CTX-M group 9: CTX-M-14, CTX-M-24, and CTX-M-27; CTX-M group 8/25: CTX-M-63