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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2022 Aug 18.
Published in final edited form as: Anesth Analg. 2021 Mar 1;132(3):798–806. doi: 10.1213/ANE.0000000000005004

Table 2.

Modified Yale Preoperative Anxiety Scale (mYPAS) Outcomes

No Virtual Reality Virtual Reality Difference (confidence interval) P Value (between)
n 37 (52.9%) 33 (47.1%)
Absolute mYPAS Score
mYPAS T1 33.3 [28.3, 41.7] 28.3 [23.3, 33.3] 5.0 (0.3–9.7) 0.03
mYPAS T2 45.0 [33.3, 56.7] 28.3 [23.3, 33.3] 16.7 (6.0–27.4) 0.0005
Change in mYPAS Score
mYPAS T1-T0 5.0 [0.0, 10.0] 0.0 [0.0, 0.0] 5.0 (2.0–8.0) < 0.0001
mYPAS T2-T0 13.3 [5.0, 26.7] 0.0 [0.0, 5.0] 13.3 (3.7–23.0) < 0.0001

Data are n (%), median [interquartile range], or difference in median (confidence interval).

Univariate comparisons and p values were calculated using Wilcoxon rank sum.

Differences are the differences in median values with confidence intervals calculated by bootstrapping; confidence intervals for absolute mYPAS scores are 95%, and those for changes in mYPAS scores are 97.5% to compensate for multiple comparison.

Abbreviations: mYPAS, Modified Yale Preoperative Anxiety Scale, scored 23.3–100; T0 is the baseline time point in the preoperative holding area; T1 is the time point on entering the operating room; T2 is the time point on induction of general anesthesia; T1-T0 is the difference between T1 and T0; T2-T0 is the difference between T2 and T0.