Table V.
Mean domain scores and mean LMQ scores by participant characteristics.
| Characteristics | Relationships Max score = 30 |
Difficulties Max score = 35 |
Cost Max score = 15 |
Side effect Max score = 15 |
Lack of Effect Max score = 30 |
Concerns Max score = 35 |
Interference Max score = 25 |
Autonomy Max score = 15 |
LMQ Max score = 200 |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Mean (SD) | Mean (SD) | Mean (SD) | Mean (SD) | Mean (SD) | Mean (SD) | Mean (SD) | Mean (SD) | Mean (SD) | |
| Number of medicines | |||||||||
| 5 – 6 | 14.6 (3.2) | 20.9 (4.2) | 8.5 (2.7) | 10.1 (2.5) | 14 (2.6) | 26.3 (4.9) | 15.3 (3.6) | 9.5 (2.8) | 119.2 (14.9) |
| 7 – 8 | 16.2 (4.2) | 23 (5.7) | 9.5 (3.3) | 10.9 (3.5) | 14.7 (3.2) | 28.2 (5.7) | 18.4 (4.9) | 8.8 (2.8) | 129.7 (24.8) |
| ≥9 | 17.9 (3.6) | 26 (4.2) | 10.8 (3.1) | 13.4 (2.5) | 14.9 (4.5) | 31.7 (4) | 20.9 (4.1) | 7.9 (2.8) | 143.5 (18.5) |
| P-valueb | <0.001 | <0.001 | <0.001 | <0.001 | 0.036 | <0.001 | <0.001 | <0.001 | <0.001 |
| Type of medicines | |||||||||
| Tablets/Capsules | 14.5 (3.1) | 20.6 (4.1) | 8.7 (2.6) | 10 (2.8) | 14 (2.9) | 26.4 (4.4) | 15.6 (3.9) | 9.4 (2.8) | 119.3 (15.8) |
| Tablets/Capsules and others | 16.8 (4.1) | 24.2 (5.3) | 9.7 (3.4) | 11.7 (3.2) | 14.6 (3.4) | 29.1 (5.9) | 18.7 (4.8) | 8.5 (2.8) | 133.5 (23.2) |
| P-valuea | <0.001 | <0.001 | <0.001 | <0.001 | 0.038 | <0.001 | <0.001 | 0.001 | <0.001 |
| Frequency of medicine use | |||||||||
| Once daily | 16 (2.6) | 17.4 (3.4) | 9.5 (4.1) | 9.4 (2.4) | 13.7 (3) | 22.4 (4.1) | 13.4 (4.2) | 10.3 (2.5) | 112 (13.7) |
| Twice daily | 15.4 (3.6) | 19.9 (3.7) | 7.6 (2.8) | 9.5 (2.7) | 14.4 (2.6) | 24.3 (4.5) | 14.4 (3.9) | 10.4 (2.5) | 116 (14.9) |
| Three times daily | 15.5 (3.9) | 23.4 (5) | 9.6 (2.8) | 11.3 (3.1) | 14.3 (3.3) | 29.1 (4.9) | 18.2 (4.3) | 8.5 (2.8) | 129.9 (20.9) |
| Four times daily | 19 (3) | 26.5 (5) | 12.4 (2.1) | 12.9 (3) | 15.8 (3.5) | 32 (4.7) | 20.6 (4.9) | 8 (2.6) | 147.2 (23.8) |
| P-valueb | <0.001 | <0.001 | <0.001 | <0.001 | 0.122 | <0.001 | <0.001 | <0.001 | <0.001 |
| Pays for prescriptions | |||||||||
| Yes | 16.1 (4.1) | 22.9 (4.7) | 11 (2.5) | 11.8 (2.2) | 15.4 (3.8) | 29 (4.7) | 17.4 (4.1) | 8.9 (2.5) | 132.5 (16.1) |
| No | 15.6 (3.8) | 22.3 (5.1) | 9 (3.1) | 10.7 (3.1) | 14.2 (3.1) | 27.6 (5.4) | 17.1 (4.7) | 9 (2.9) | 125.6 (21.3) |
| P-valuea | 0.338 | 0.451 | <0.001 | 0.004 | 0.021 | 0.051 | 0.693 | 0.818 | 0.008 |
| Requires help with medicines use | |||||||||
| Yes | 17.1 (3.7) | 24.2 (5) | 9.2 (3.5) | 11.9 (3) | 15.1 (3.6) | 29.3 (5.6) | 18 (5.1) | 9.9 (2.8) | 134.6 (20.7) |
| No | 14.6 (3.5) | 21 (4.6) | 9.2 (2.7) | 10 (2.9) | 13.8 (2.7) | 26.6 (4.9) | 16.5 (4.2) | 8.3 (2.7) | 120 (18.9) |
| P-valuea | <0.001 | <0.001 | 0.873 | <0.001 | <0.001 | <0.001 | <0.001 | <0.001 | <0.001 |
| Person provides help | |||||||||
| Husband/Wife | 16.9 (3.6) | 25.5 (4.7) | 9.9 (3.2) | 12.6 (2.6) | 15.5 (3.7) | 30.7 (4.4) | 19.4 (4.9) | 9.2 (2.9) | 139.7 (19.8) |
| Relative | 17.6 (4) | 21.9 (5) | 8.2 (3.7) | 10.7 (3.6) | 14.3 (3.3) | 26.7 (6.7) | 15.9 (4.9) | 11.1 (2.3) | 126.4 (20.7) |
| P-valuea | 0.201 | <0.001 | 0.001 | <0.001 | 0.023 | <0.001 | <0.001 | <0.001 | <0.001 |
| Gender | |||||||||
| Male | 13.7 (2.7) | 20.4 (4.1) | 8.6 (2.3) | 9.9 (2.3) | 13.8 (2.3) | 26.2 (4.1) | 16 (3.4) | 8.8 (3) | 117.2 (14.3) |
| Female | 17.6 (3.8) | 24.3 (5.1) | 9.8 (3.5) | 11.8 (3.4) | 14.9 (3.7) | 29.2 (6) | 18.3 (5.4) | 9.2 (2.7) | 135.1 (22.6) |
| P-valuea | <0.001 | <0.001 | <0.001 | <0.001 | <0.001 | <0.001 | <0.001 | 0.083 | <0.001 |
| Age | |||||||||
| 65 – 69 | 14.8 (3.6) | 21.3 (4.5) | 8.9 (2.8) | 10.4 (2.7) | 14.1 (2.8) | 26.8 (5.1) | 16.2 (4.2) | 9 (2.7) | 121.5 (18.1) |
| 70 – 74 | 15.9 (3.9) | 23.4 (4.8) | 9.3 (3.2) | 11 (3.3) | 14.4 (3) | 28.3 (5.2) | 17.8 (4.7) | 9 (3.3) | 129.2 (21.4) |
| ≥75 | 18.6 (2.9) | 25.3 (5.8) | 10 (3.7) | 12.3 (3.6) | 15.3 (4.4) | 30.4 (5.8) | 20.1 (5) | 9 (2.8) | 141 (23.1) |
| P-valueb | <0.001 | <0.001 | 0.014 | <0.001 | 0.011 | <0.001 | <0.001 | 1.000 | <0.001 |
| Highest level of education | |||||||||
| School | 14.5 (3.3) | 20.7 (4.1) | 8.4 (2.8) | 9.6 (2.7) | 14.1 (2.8) | 25.9 (4.8) | 15.9 (3.9) | 9.1 (3) | 118.2 (16.6) |
| Tech | 18.1 (3.5) | 26.9 (3.6) | 10.5 (3) | 13.3 (2) | 14.9 (3.8) | 31.8 (4) | 19.9 (4.5) | 8.7 (3) | 144 (17.3) |
| University | 17 (4) | 23 (6.1) | 10.1 (3.2) | 12.3 (3) | 14.5 (3.6) | 29.2 (5.6) | 18.3 (5.4) | 9.2 (2.2) | 133.6 (22.9) |
| P-valueb | <0.001 | <0.001 | <0.001 | <0.001 | 0.093 | <0.001 | <0.001 | 0.423 | <0.001 |
| Employment status | |||||||||
| Employed | 17 (3.6) | 26.1 (4) | 11.6 (2.9) | 13 (2.6) | 14.2 (4.1) | 31.7 (4.1) | 18.7 (5.6) | 9.2 (2.9) | 141.5 (18.8) |
| Unemployed | 17.6 (3.9) | 24.1 (5) | 9.1 (3.6) | 11.2 (3.6) | 15.3 (3.5) | 28.3 (6.3) | 17.6 (5.4) | 9.7 (2.6) | 132.8 (23.9) |
| Retired | 14.3 (3.3) | 21 (4.6) | 8.9 (2.6) | 10.3 (2.6) | 13.8 (2.7) | 26.9 (4.6) | 16.7 (3.9) | 8.6 (2.9) | 120.5 (17.1) |
| P-valueb | <0.001 | <0.001 | <0.001 | <0.001 | <0.001 | <0.001 | 0.010 | <0.001 | <0.001 |
Notes:
a
Independent samples t-test;
b
Analysis of variance (ANOVA).
Full domain names: 1: Relationships/Communication with health professionals about medicines, 2: Practical difficulties, 3: Cost-related burden, 4: Side effect burden, 5: Lack of effectiveness, 6: Attitudes/Concerns about medicine use, 7: Impact/Interference to day-to-day life, 8: Control/Autonomy to vary regimen. Abbreviation: Tech: Technical College/Apprenticeship.