Table 2.
Bone density and microarchitecture by vitamin D status (mean [SD]) and the association between serum 25-OH D and standardized HR-pQCT measurements, expressed as beta coefficient and standard error (SE)
| Sufficient (≥20 ng/mL) | Deficient (<20 ng/mL) | P a | β coefficient (SE)a |
P a | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Distal radius | n = 92 | n = 71 | n = 163 | ||
| Size/morphology | |||||
| Tt.Ar, mm2 | 309.8 (61.5) | 301.2 (65.1) | 0.091 | 0.010 (0.006) | 0.095 |
| Ct.Ar, mm2 | 66.1 (13.7) | 63.8 (15.7) | 0.012 | 0.022 (0.006) | 0.001 |
| Ct.Ar/Tt.Ar, % | 21.8 (4.8) | 21.5 (4.3) | 0.393 | 0.013 (0.009) | 0.159 |
| Tb.Ar, mm2 | 243.8 (56.7) | 237.3 (57.3) | 0.301 | 0.005 (0.007) | 0.423 |
| Density | |||||
| Tt.BMD, mgHA/cm3 | 330 (57) | 323 (52) | 0.145 | 0.015 (0.009) | 0.082 |
| Ct.BMD, mgHA/cm3 | 896 (42) | 894 (50) | 0.647 | -0.005 (0.008) | 0.510 |
| Tb.BMD, mgHA/cm3 | 177 (39) | 170 (41) | 0.040 | 0.016 (0.008) | 0.040 |
| Microarchitecture | |||||
| Ct.Th, mm | 1.06 (0.20) | 1.04 (0.21) | 0.152 | 0.019 (0.008) | 0.021 |
| Ct.Po, % | 0.44 (0.25) | 0.43 (0.37) | 0.164 | 0.025 (0.008) | 0.003 |
| Tb.Th, mm | 0.234 (0.021) | 0.231 (0.020) | 0.018 | 0.015 (0.008) | 0.053 |
| Tb.Sp, mm | 0.609 (0.089) | 0.631 (0.117) | 0.094 | -0.012 (0.008) | 0.164 |
| Tb.N, 1/mm | 1.53 (0.19) | 1.48 (0.22) | 0.190 | 0.012 (0.007) | 0.176 |
| µFEA | |||||
| FL, kN | 4.13 (1.54) | 3.97 (1.64) | 0.033 | 0.023 (0.007) | 0.002 |
| Distal tibia | n = 92 | n = 72 | n = 164 | ||
| Size/morphology | |||||
| Tt.Ar, mm2 | 730.1 (144.5) | 698.3 (129.5) | 0.011 | 0.012 (0.007) | 0.068 |
| Ct.Ar, mm2 | 142.7 (29.8) | 143.7 (33.5) | 0.405 | 0.012 (0.006) | 0.033 |
| Ct.Ar/Tt.Ar, % | 20.0 (4.4) | 20.8 (3.9) | 0.445 | 0.002 (0.008) | 0.853 |
| Tb.Ar, mm2 | 587.5 (136.6) | 554.5 (113.5) | 0.021 | 0.010 (0.007) | 0.170 |
| Density | |||||
| Tt.BMD, mgHA/cm3 | 347 (56) | 346 (54) | 0.400 | 0.013 (0.008) | 0.108 |
| Ct.BMD, mgHA/cm3 | 942 (39) | 954 (40) | 0.009 | -0.023 (0.008) | 0.007 |
| Tb.BMD, mgHA/cm3 | 200 (41) | 191 (47) | 0.016 | 0.025 (0.008) | 0.002 |
| Microarchitecture | |||||
| Ct.Th, mm | 1.61 (0.33) | 1.66 (0.35) | 0.818 | 0.008 (0.007) | 0.291 |
| Ct.Po, % | 1.42 (0.75) | 1.44 (1.03) | 0.785 | 0.010 (0.009) | 0.246 |
| Tb.Th, mm | 0.271 (0.034) | 0.269 (0.034) | 0.342 | 0.012 (0.008) | 0.124 |
| Tb.Sp, mm | 0.687 (0.112) | 0.741 (0.160) | 0.002 | -0.026 (0.008) | 0.002 |
| Tb.N, 1/mm | 1.39 (0.21) | 1.31 (0.24) | 0.004 | 0.025 (0.008) | 0.002 |
| µFEA | |||||
| FL (kN) | 12.7 (3.2) | 12.6 (3.4) | 0.046 | 0.016 (0.006) | 0.005 |
Bold = P < 0.05.
Abbreviations: 25-OH D, 25-hydroxyvitamin D; µFEA, micro-finite element analysis; Ct.Ar, cortical area; Ct.BMD, cortical density; Ct.Po, cortical porosity; Ct.Th, cortical thickness; FL (failure load); HR-pQCT, high-resolution peripheral quantitative polymerase chain reaction; Tb.Ar, trabecular area; Tb.BMD, trabecular density; Tb.N, trabecular number; Tb.Sp, trabecular separation; Tb.Th, trabecular thickness; Tt.Ar, total area; Tt.BMD, total density.
a Adjusted for race, sex, age, height, weight, total calcium, physical activity, and season.