Table 4. Statistical analyses on when to stop.
Number of players and rounds included in the analyses in each group | ||||||||||
Group | Player | Round (Mean) | Round (SD) | Round (Min) | Round (Max) | |||||
High-Involvement | 1679 | 6001.9 | 14176.8 | 12 | 200706 | |||||
Low-Involvement | 651 | 440.9 | 959.3 | 13 | 13114 | |||||
ANOVA | ||||||||||
Effect | df | MSE | F | ges | p | |||||
Involvement Level (High vs. Low) | 1, 2328 | 0.09 | 5.36 | <.001 | .021 | |||||
Prior Outcome (Loss vs. Win) | 1, 2328 | 0.29 | 3353.74 | .520 | <.001 | |||||
Interaction | 1, 2328 | 0.29 | 8.95 | .003 | .003 | |||||
Pairwise comparisons | ||||||||||
Comparison (A vs. B) | A-mean | B-mean | diff | lowerCI | upperCI | df | t | p | lnBF | g |
High-Loss vs. High-Win | 1.24 (0.15) | 0.17 (0.49) | 1.07 | 1.04 | 1.10 | 1678.0 | 68.5 | <.001 | 1115.02 | 3.297 |
Low-Loss vs. Low-Win | 1.21 (0.22) | 0.25 (0.79) | 0.96 | 0.88 | 1.04 | 650.0 | 24.4 | <.001 | 207.52 | 1.884 |
High-Loss vs. Low-Loss | 1.24 (0.15) | 1.21 (0.22) | 0.03 | 0.01 | 0.05 | 898.1 | 3.0 | .007 | 3.33 | 0.140 |
High-Win vs. Low-Win | 0.17 (0.49) | 0.25 (0.79) | -0.08 | -0.14 | -0.01 | 850.1 | -2.3 | 0.027 | 0.83 | 0.105 |
(High-Loss—High-Win) vs. (Low-Loss—Low-Win) | 1.07 (0.64) | 0.96 (1.01) | 0.10 | 0.02 | 0.19 | 860.4 | 2.5 | 0.027 | 1.47 | 0.114 |
Note: ANOVA: df = degrees of freedom. In a 2 by 2 ANOVA, the dfs for all effects are the same. MSE = mean square of the error. ges = generalized eta squared. Pairwise comparisons: Comparison (A vs. B) = the two variables compared in each comparison. A-mean, B-mean = means of the left (A) and the right (B) variable in a comparison, with standard deviations in parentheses. diff = difference between A and B. lowerCI, upperCI = lower and upper boundary of 95% confidence intervals of the difference. df, t, p = degrees of freedom, t value and p value from the Welch’s t tests (between-subjects comparisons) or paired-samples t tests (within-subjects comparisons). P values were corrected for multiple comparisons using the Holm-Bonferroni method. lnBF = the natural logarithm of Bayes factors. g = Hedges’s average g.