Table 1. Characteristics of sepsis patients and age-matched healthy volunteers.
| Sepsis patients | Healthy volunteers | |
|---|---|---|
| Age [years] | 61.5 ± 14.9 | 56.5 ± 8.5 |
| Sex Men [n; %] | 36; 59 | 7, 54 |
| Women [n; %] | 25; 41 | 6, 46 |
| Heart rate [min-1] | 104 ± 25 | 68 ± 6 |
| Systolic arterial pressure [mmHg] | 108 ± 20 | 134 ± 14 |
| Diastolic arterial pressure [mmHg] | 53 ± 13 | 83 ± 5 |
| Mean arterial pressure [mmHg] | 72 ± 14 | 100 ± 6 |
| Leukocyte concentration [/nl] | 20.7 ± 17.4 | 6.6 ± 1.1 |
| Monocyte concentration [/μl] | 569 ± 99 | 532 ± 51 |
| IL-6 [pg/ml] | 108.4 [29.1 | 266.7] | 1.0 [0.76 | 1.06] |
| TNF [pg/ml] | 5.8 [4.0 | 10.3] | 2.1 [0.33 | 3.48] |
| IL-10 [pg/ml] | 4.3 [1.2 | 14.0] | 0.9 [0.36 | 1.06] |
| IL-8 [pg/ml] | 43.8 [19.6 | 142.6] | 7.9 [4.12 | 11.83] |
| IL-1β [pg/ml] | 0.7 [0.6 | 1.8] | 1.4 [0.72 | 1.44] |
| IL-1α [pg/ml] | 0.6 [0.23 | 2.31] | 1.2 [1.06 | 1.27] |
| Case fatality rate [%] | 49 | |
| ICU stay, survivors [days] | 31 ± 36 | |
| ICU stay, deceased [days] | 16 ± 23 | |
| SOFA-Score [median] | 12 [11 | 14] | |
| SAPS-II Score [median] | 72 [59 | 79] | |
| ≥2 qSOFA criteria [%] | 65.6 | |
| ≥2 SIRS criteria [%] | 82 | |
| Shocka [%] | 56 | |
| Patients with i.v. catecholamine therapy [%] | 91 | |
| Patients with i.v. catecholamine therapy ≥ 0.1 μg/kg body weight / min [%] | 56 | |
| Lactate serum concentration [mmol/l] | 3.6 ± 4.1 | |
| Patients on mechanical ventilation (%) | 80 | |
| PaO2/ FiO2 ratio (mmHg) | 184 ± 101 | |
| Platelet concentration [/nl] | 198 ± 157 | |
| Bilirubin serum concentration [mg/dl] | 2.4 ± 6.2 | |
| Creatinine serum concentration [mg/dl] | 1.9 ± 1.6 | |
| Patients under renal replacement therapy [n; %] | 15; 25 | |
| C-reactive protein serum concentration [mg/l] | 20.3 ± 12.1 | |
| Procalcitonin serum concentration [μg/l] | 27.7 ± 89.4 |
Data from 61 septic patients within 24 h of meeting Sepsis-3 criteria [10] and 12 age-matched healthy volunteers presented as numbers, percentages, or means ± SD. SOFA, SAPS-II score, and cytokine concentrations presented as median [first quartile | third quartile]. aDefinition of septic shock as in [10]; i.e., sepsis with a serum lactate concentration >2 mmol/l and any vasopressor therapy to sustain a mean arterial pressure ≥65 mmHg.