TABLE 3.

Secondary outcomes of the two groups based on intention-to-treat and per-protocol analyses.

Parameters	Intention-to-treat analysis			Per-protocol analysis
Group	Hydromorphone (n = 39)	Pethidine (n = 38)	p-value	Hydromorphone (n = 36)	Pethidine (n = 36)	p-value
Organ failure, n (%)
Transient organ failure	13 (33.3)	6 (15.8)	0.074	10 (27.8)	6 (16.7)	0.260
Persistent organ failure	12 (30.8)	9 (23.7)	0.485	12 (33.3)	7 (19.4)	0.181
Persistent organ failure, n (%)
Respiratory	12 (30.8)	9 (23.7)	0.485	12 (33.3)	7 (19.4)	0.181
Cardiovascular	1 (2.6)	1 (2.6)	1.000	0	1 (2.8)	1.000
Renal	0	1 (2.6)	0.990	0	0	—
HDU/ICU admission, n (%)	20 (51.3)	13 (34.2)	0.130	19 (52.8)	11 (30.6)	0.056
Local complication, n (%)	24 (61.5)	15 (39.5)	0.053	22 (61.1)	14 (38.9)	0.059
APFC	21 (53.9)	11 (28.9)	0.027	19 (52.8)	8 (22.2)	0.008
ANC	11 (28.2)	6 (15.8)	0.189	10 (27.8)	4 (11.1)	0.076
Severity, n (%)			0.037			0.042
Mild	7 (17.9)	17 (44.7)		7 (19.4)	17 (47.2)
Moderately Severe	20 (51.3)	12 (31.6)		17 (47.2)	12 (33.3)
Severe	12 (30.8)	9 (23.7)		12 (33.3)	7 (19.4)
Mortality, n (%)	1 (2.6)	1 (2.6)	0.985	1 (2.8)	0	0.317
Hospital staying (d), median (IQR)	11 (8–15)	9 (7–14)	0.136	11 (8–15)	9 (7–14)	0.122
Cumulative opioid consumption (mg), median (IQR)	46.7 (31.5–67.2)	5 (0–10)	< 0.001	50.3 (33.2–68.5)	5 (0–10)	< 0.001
Total dose of dezocine needed as the rescue analgesic (mg), median (IQR)	5 (0–10)	0 (0–5)	0.095	5 (0–14)	0 (0–5)	0.047
Cost of analgesic ($), median (IQR)	85.5 (66.8–104.4)	0.5 (0–18.9)	< 0.001	85.8 (66.8–117.7)	0.4 (0–18.9)	< 0.001
Cost of hospitalization ($), median (IQR)	3,778 (2,741–4,859)	2,273 (1,737–4,355)	0.007	3,723 (2,780–5,185)	2,273 (1,601–3,903)	0.006

IQR, interquartile range; HDU, highly dependency unit; ICU, intensive care unit; APFC, acute peripancreatic fluid collection; ANC, acute necrotic collection.

Statistical significance between groups (p ≤ 0.05) is indicated in bold.