Table 1.
Relative bioactivity values for insulin delivered with or without pelargonidin absorption enhancer in healthy mice
| Delivery route | Insulin dose, U/kg | Pelargonidin, mg/kg | rBGmin, % | AAC, [(h⋅mg)/dL]/(U/kg) | rBA, % |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| SQ (5 h) | 1 | 0 | 50.1 ± 5.5 | 42.9 ± 12.8 | 100.0 |
| Intestinal (5 h) | 1 | 0 | 100.0 ± 0.0 | 3.7 ± 3.5 | 8.7 |
| 1 | 40 | 75.5 ± 4.0 | 47.1 ± 5.2 | 109.7 | |
| 1 | 80 | 58.9 ± 4.5 | 88.9 ± 7.1 | 207.2 | |
| SQ (10 h) | 1 | 0 | 56.1 ± 2.2 | 68.5 ± 9.8 | 100.0 |
| Oral (10 h) | 1 | 0 | 87.6 ± 2.9 | 53.7 ± 15.4 | (−9.8) |
| 1 | 40 | 76.3 ± 1.6 | 135.2 ± 18.2 | 140.2 | |
| 5 | 40 | 69.7 ± 4.9 | 152.0 ± 25.8 | 34.2 | |
| 0 | 40 | 86.4 ± 1.9 | 59.0 ± 8.2 | 0.0 |
Data are presented as arithmetic average ± SE (n = 5 or 6 mice for 5-h experiments and 8 to 10 mice for 10-h experiments). rBGmin = minimum average relative blood sugar achieved. AAC = insulin dose adjusted area above the blood glucose curve. rBA = dose-adjusted relative bioactivity. SQ = subcutaneous injection.