Table 1.
Overview of included studies with reported scan parameters and kinetic model
| Author, publication year, citation | Contrast injection (I/mg) | Multislice detector (z-coverage) | kVp | mAs | Number of acquisitions (scan time) | Scan delay | Kinetic model | Software (vendor) | ROI (size) | Breathing |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Aslan et al. 2018, [22] | 50 mL with 5 mL/s | 64 slice (110 mm) | 100 | 100 | 242 slices (126 s) | 0 s | Deconvolution | Syngo MMWP (Siemens) | Circular ROI (15mm2) | Shallow breathing |
| Bao et al. 2019, [30] | 50 mL with 5 mL/s | 64 slice (84 mm) | 80 | 200 | 17 acq (49 s) | 7 s | Deconvolution | Syngo MMWP (Siemens) | 3 circular ROIs (10 mm) | Abdominal belt |
| Delrue et al. 2011, [36] | 50 mL with 5 mL/s (320) | 128 slice (148 mm) | 100 | 145 | 18 acq (51 s) | NA | Max slope | Syngo MMWP (Siemens) | Manual ROI (20–25 mm2) (3 ROI/lesion) | Oxygen hyperventilation (breath-hold 51 s) |
| Delrue et al. 2012, [37] | 60 mL with 8 mL/s | 128 slice (148 mm) | 100 | 145 | 18 acq (51 s) | NA | Max slope | AW CTP 4D (GE) | Manual ROI | Oxygen hyperventilation (breath-hold 51 s) |
| D'Onofrio et al. 2013, [40] | 50 mL with 5 mL/s | 64 slice (100 mm) | 120 | 150 | 12 acq (120 s) | 12 s | Max slope + Patlak | AW CTP 4D (GE) | Manual ROI (max diameter tumor) + 6 small ROI | Abdominal belt |
| Hamdy et al. 2019, [35] | 50 mL with 5 mL/s (370) | 320 slice (224 mm) | 120 | Automated | 40 acq (60 s) | 2 s | Deconvolution | Syngo MMWP (Siemens) | Manual ROI (10mm2)(3 ROI/lesion) | Free breathing |
| Kandel et al. 2009, [27] | 60 mL with 8 mL/s | 320 slice (160 mm) | 100 | 45 | 19 acq (80 s) | Bolus track | Max slope | In-house developed | Volume ROI largest diameter tumor | Breath-hold 40 s |
| Klauss et al. 2012, [28] | 80 mL with 5 mL/s (370) | 64 slice (16.8 mm) | 80 | 270 | 34 acq (51 s) | 5 s | Patlak | Syngo MMWP (Siemens) | Polygonal ROI | Shallow breathing |
| Konno et al. 2020, [44] | 700 mg I/kg at 3.5–4 mL/s (370 or 350) | 320 slice (160 mm) | 100 | 35 | 19 acq (155 s)a | 6 s | Deconvolution | Ziostation2 (Ziosoft) | Volume ROI (diam > 10 mm) | Abdominal belt + shallow breathing |
| Kovac et al. 2019, [24] | 50 mL with 7 mL/s (370) | 64 slice (32 mm) | 100 | 50 | 25 acq (50 s) | 5 s | Max slope + Patlak | In-house developed | Circular ROI in 4 slices(largest diameter) | Shallow breathing |
| Li et al. 2013, [32] | 50 mL with 5.5 mL/s (350) | 128 slice (60 mm) |
< 70 kg: 70 > 70 kg: 80 |
< 70 kg: 120 > 70 kg: 100 |
24 acq (38 s) | 8 s | Patlak | Syngo MMWP (Siemens) | Manual ROI (15 mm diameter) | Abdominal belt + shallow breathing |
| Li et al. 2015, [26] | 50 mL with 5.5 mL/s (350) | 320 slice (70 mm) | 80 | 100 | 23 acq:(38 s) | 8 s | Patlak | Syngo MMWP (Siemens) | Manual ROI (15 mm diameter) | Abdominal belt + shallow breathing |
| Lu et al. 2011, [31] | 50 mL with 5 mL/s (300) | 64 slice (28 mm) | 80 | 100 | 50 acq (50 s) | – | Max slope + Patlak | Syngo MMWP (Siemens) | ROI (50–100 pixels) |
Abdominal belt Shallow breathing |
| Nishikawa et al. 2014, [42] | 40 mL with 4 mL/s (350) | 64 slice | 80 | 40 | 108 acq (54 s) | 3 s | Max slope | Ziostation2 (Ziosoft) | Manual ROI in peritumoral tissue | Breath-hold |
| O’Malley et al. 2020, [25] | Weight-based at 5 mL/s (350) | 256 slice (160 mm) | 100 | 140 | 15 acq (38 s)a | 5 s | Deconvolution | AW CTP 4D (GE) | Manual 3 ROIs (largest diameter tumor, center, rim) | Shallow breathing |
| Park et al. 2009, [41] | 50 mL with 5 mL/s (300) | 64 slice | 80 | 100 | 30 acq (30 s) | 5 s | Patlak | Syngo MMWP (Siemens) | Freehand ROI | Breath-hold |
| Skornitzke et al. 2019, [29] | 80 mL with 5 mL/s (370) | 64 slice (19.2 mm) | 80 | Automated | 34 acq (51 s) | 13 s | Max slope | Syngo MMWP (Siemens) | Polygonal ROI | Shallow breathing |
| Schneeweiβ et al. 2016, [39] | 50 mL with 5 mL/s | 128 slice (69 mm) | 80 | 100/120 | 26 (40 s) | 7 | Max slope + Patlak & Deconvolution | Syngo MMWP (Siemens) | Volume ROI as large as possible | Shallow breathing |
| Tan et al. 2009, [34] | 40 mL with 5 mL/s | 64 slice (160 mm) | 100 | 50 | 12 acq (36 s) | 0 | Max slope | In-house developed | ROI 1–3 mm2 | NA |
| Xu et al. 2009, [23] | 50 mL with 5 mL/s | 64 slice (72 mm) | 80 | 50 acq in 50 s | – | Deconvolution | Syngo MMWP (Siemens) | 3 ROI (15 mm) (tumor, tumor rim and pancreatic tissue) | Breath-hold | |
| Yadav et al. 2016, [33] | 40 mL with 5 mL/s | 256 slice (70-100 mm) | 100 | 100 | 20 acq (95 s) | – | Patlak | Syngo MMWP (Siemens) | Single ROI center of lesion | Free breathing |
a Interleaved scan protocol combining CTP with a diagnostic CECT using one contrast bolus. Number of acquisitions in the perfusion protocol.