Table 3.
Details of studies included in the systematic review
| Reference | Physical exercise | CG | Strength outcome | Time points | Effects of CG | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Type | Characteristics | Type | Area of application | Pressure (mmHg) | Timing and duration | ||||
| Brown et al. 2020 [66] | COMB | HI; 2 Ex; 20 × 20-m SPRINT, 1/min + 100 DJ | Isobar Compression, Manchester, UK | Lower limb (waist-high tights) |
Thigh: 20 Ankle: 30–35 d.m |
After (48 h) | MVIC 90° (KNE) | IMM, 24 h, 48 h | ↑ 24–48 h |
| Brown et al. 2021 [94] | COMB | TT = 3 × 28 min; simulated judo competition and fighting techniques | Isobar Compression, Manchester, UK | Whole body (full-length stockings + arm sleeves) | ~ 12–29 d.m | After (overnight) | MVIC 0° (GS) | 12 h, 36 h, 43 h | ⟷ |
| Carling et al. 1995 [87] | ECC | MAX; 70 REP; 120°/s; ELF; 1.5 s rest | Brecon Inc., Talladega, AL | Arm (from deltoid insertion to wrist) | 17 d.m | After (72 h) | MCC 120°/s (ELF) | 10 min, 24 h, 48 h, 72 h | ⟷ |
| Cerqueira et al. 2015 [88] | ECC | MAX; 30 REP; lowering a dumbbell from 50° to 170° elbow angle; 45 s rest | 90% polyamide and 10% Lycra (elastane) fibers | Arm (from axillary line to mid-forearm) | NS | After (12 h) | MVIC 90° (ELF) | 24 h, 48 h, 72 h, 96 h | ⟷ |
| Chan et al. 2016 [68] | RES | TT = 240 min; MHI; 10 Ex; 2 × 9 min; 180 s rest | KingGee, Pacific Brands, Melb., Au | Whole body (long-sleeve top and mid-thigh length short) | NS |
During After (24 h) |
MCC 60°/s (KNE)† (KNF) |
IMM, 24 h | ↓ 24 h |
| Duffield et al. 2010 [80] | COMB | TT = 10 min; HI; 2 Ex; 10 × 20 m SPRINT + 10 × 10 PLYO/each min | Bioslyx, Slazenger, Au | Lower limb (not provided) | ~ 10–30 |
During After (24 h) |
MCC 60°/s (KNE)† (KNF) |
IMM, 2 h, 24 h | ⟷ |
| Hill et al. 2014 [92] | MAR | Self-paced, outdoor | MA1551b (M), WA1552b (W), 2XU, Melb., Au | Lower limb (full-length tights) | 9.9–24.4 d.m | After (72 h) | MVIC 90° (KNE) | IMM, 24 h, 48 h, 72 h | ⟷ |
| Hill et al. 2017 [61] | PLYO | MAX; 5 × 20 DJ; 10 s between jumps; 2 min rest | MA1551b (M), WA1552b (W), 2XU, Melb., Au | Lower limb (full-length tights) |
LOW: min 8.1 HIGH: min 14.8 d.m |
After (72 h) | MVIC 90° (KNE) | 1 h, 24 h, 48 h, 72 h |
↑ IMM-72 HIGH |
| Jakeman et al. 2010 [33] | PLYO | MHI; 10 × 10 REP; 10 s between jumps; 1 min rest | Skins, Sydney, Au | Lower limb (ankle to waist tights) |
Thigh: 14.9 Calf: 17.3 |
After (12 h) | MCC 60°/s (KNE) | 1 h, 24 h, 48 h, 72 h, 96 h |
↑ 24–96 h |
| Kraemer et al. 2001 [8] | ECC | MAX; 2 × 50 REP; ELF; 60°/s; 3 min rest | Raschell fabric with 25% Lycra (elastin) content | Arm (from axillary line to forearm) |
10 d.m |
After (5 days) | MCC 60°/s (ELF) | 24 h, 48 h, 72 h, 96 h, 120 h |
↑ 48–120 h |
| Martorelli et al. 2015 [67] | RES | 50% 1 RM; 6 × 6 REP bench press | Skins, Sydney, Au | Arm (from wrist to shoulder) | NS | During | MVIC 90° (CHP) | IMM | ⟷ |
| Miyamoto et al. 2011 [9] | RES | Calf-raise exercise; 15 × 10 REP; 30 s rest | EC18†, EC30 | Below knee (beneath-knee stockings) |
Ankle: 18 Calf: 12–14 Below-knee: 7 |
During | MVIC 0° (PF) | IMM | ⟷ |
| Négyesi et al. 2021 [63] | ECC | MAX; 10 × 10 REP; KNE; 30°/s; 10 s rest | D&M Co., Tokyo, Japan | Below knee (from the sup. aspect of the tibial tub. to the prox. 2/3 of the tibial shaft) | NS | During | MVIC 60° MVIC 80°† (KNE) | IMM, 24 h, 1 w |
↑ IMM-24 h |
| Pearce et al. 2009 [90] | ECC | MAX; 35 REP; ELF; 90°/s | LineBreak, Australia | Upper body (full-sleeve) | NS | During | MVIC 90° (ELF) | 24 h, 48 h, 72 h, 5 day, 1 w, 2 w | ⟷ |
| Pereira et al. 2014 [91] | ECC | MAX; 4 × 10 REP; ELF; 120°/s; 1 min rest | Skins, Sydney, Au | Arm (from wrist to shoulder) | NS | During | MVIC 90° (ELF) | IMM, 24 h, 48 h, 72 h, 96 h | ⟷ |
| Ravier et al. 2018 [65] | COMB | 3 × 12 min; handball-specific circuit exercises; 4 min rest | F-Like Full Leg Compressport, Geneva, Sw | Lower limb (full-length) |
Ankle: 15 Calf: 27 Thigh: 14 |
During | MVIC 90° (KNE) | IMM, 24 h |
↑ IMM |
| Šambaher et al. 2016 [86] | PLYO | MAX; drop jump; 30 cm platform; 70 Hz metronome; until failure | Cramer Sports Medicine, Gardner, KS | Lower limb (below-knee stockings) | 20–30 | During | MVIC 0° (PF) | IMM | ⟷ |
| Shimokochi et al. 2017 [62] | ECC | MAX; 10 × 10 REP; KNE; 30 s rest | Skins Int. Trading AG, Steinhausen, Sw | Whole body (upper and lower-body) | NS | After (overnight) | MVIC 60° (KNE) | IMM, 24 h |
↑ 24 h |
| Terbizan et al. 2018 [81] | PLYO | MAX; 10 × 10 REP drop jump; 60 cm platform; 10 s between jumps; 1 min rest | Skins, Sydney, Au | Lower limb (waist-high tights) | ~ 19–33 | After (12 h) |
MCC 60°/s (KNE)† MCC 30°/s (PF) |
12 h, 24 h, 48 h, 72 h | ⟷ |
| Bieuzen et al. 2014 [93] | RUN | 3 × 5.2 km trail run; uphill Sect. 6.6 km, downhill Sect. 9 km | Run: Pulse Road, recovery: Sigvaris Recovery, Fr | Below knee (from below the knee to the lateral malleolus) |
run: 25 recovery: 20 |
During or after | MVIC 90° (KNE) | 1 h, 24 h, 48 h |
↑ 24–48 h |
| Goto and Morishima 2014 [73] | RES | TT = 60 min; 70% 1 RM; 9 Ex; 3–5 × 10 REP + 20 calf-rise/set; 90 s rest | Recharge; Under Amour, Baltimore, MD | Whole body (both upper and lower-body full-length sleeves) | NS | After (24 h) |
MVIC 80° (KNE) 1 RM (CHP) |
1 h, 3 h, 5 h, 8 h, 24 h |
↑ 1 RM: 3–8 h MVIC: 24 h |
| Mizuno et al. 2017 [89] | RUN | Uphill running; TT = 120 min; 55% of VO2max | DESCENTE Ltd., Osaka, Japan |
CON: lower-body (hip to ankle) G1: tight (hip to knee) G2: socks (knee to ankle) |
CON: < 5 G1: 15 G2: 15 |
During |
MVIC 75° (KNE) MVIC 0° (PF) |
1 h, 3 h | ⟷ |
Au. Australia, CG compression garment, CHP chest press, COMB combined exercise, CON control condition, DJ drop jump, d.m. pressure was directly measured, ECC lab-based eccentric exercise, ELF elbow flexors, Ex exercise, Fr. France, G group, GS grip strength, HI high intensity, HIGH high-level compression, IMM immediately, KNE knee extensors, KNF knee flexors, LOW low-level of compression, M men, MAR marathon run, MAX maximal intensity, MCC maximal concentric isokinetic torque, Melb. Melbourne, MHI moderate-high intensity, MVIC maximal voluntary isometric torque, NS not stated, PF plantar flexors, PLYO plyometric exercise, REP repetition, RES resistance exercise, RM repetition maximum, RUN running exercise, SPRINT sprint exercise, sup. superior, Sw. Switzerland, TT total time of exercise protocol, tub. tuberosity, VO2max maximal oxygen consumption, W women, w week, ↑ beneficial effect of compression (p = 0.05), ↓ disadvantageous effect of compression (p = 0.05), ⟷ no difference between compression and control
†CGs and outcomes used in the meta-analysis