Table 2.
Within-group and between-group comparisons of the baseline, endpoint and changes values for anthropometric, physical activity, and dietary variables in vitamin B12 and placebo groups.
| Variables | Vitamin B12 groupa (n = 20) | Placebo groupa (n = 20) | P-value (between)b |
|---|---|---|---|
| Weight (kg) | |||
| Baseline | 87.25 (78.50, 101.22) | 92.70 (85.92, 105.75) | 0.307 |
| Endpoint | 85.70 (79.75, 90.06) | 91.61 (86.92, 103.07) | 0.063 |
| Changec | − 1.55 (− 3.00, 0.40) | − 0.95 (− 4.15, 2.69) | 0.607e |
| P value (within)d | 0.097 | 0.424 | |
| BMI (kg/m2) | |||
| Baseline | 31.42 (27.77, 34.92) | 30.74 (27.83, 35.66) | 0.940 |
| Endpoint | 30.67 (28.08, 33.55) | 32.09 (28.70, 35.44) | 0.164 |
| Change | − 0.54 (− 1.15, 0.27) | − 0.35 (− 1.45, 0.59) | 0.685e |
| P value (within) | 0.149 | 0.714 | |
| Physical activity (MET-min/week)f | |||
| Baseline | 0.0 (0.0, 561) | 0.0 (0.0, 408) | 0.905e |
| Endpoint | 216 (0.0, 289) | 217 (0.0, 525) | 0.422e |
| Change | 0.0 (− 306, 234) | 0.0 (− 77, 244) | 0.224e |
| P value (within) | 0.341e | 0.233e | |
| Energy (Kcal/day) | |||
| Baseline | 1975.49 ± 450.27 | 1994.29 ± 454.19 | 0.904 |
| Endpoint | 1838.91 ± 352.81 | 1903.95 ± 341.73 | 0.590 |
| Change | − 136.58 ± 677.26 | − 90.34 ± 478.33 | 0.822 |
| P value (within) | 0.404 | 0.462 | |
| Cobalamin (µg/day) | |||
| Baseline | 3.65 ± 0.70 | 3.24 ± 0.82 | 0.124 |
| Endpoint | 2.85 ± 0.96 | 2.92 ± 0.88 | 0.841 |
| Change | − 0.80 ± 1.35 | − 0.32 ± 1.09 | 0.270 |
| P value (within) | 0.022 | 0.253 | |
| Folic acid (µg/day) | |||
| Baseline | 304.95 ± 112.11 | 267.53 ± 80.16 | 0.277 |
| Endpoint | 198.61 ± 90.41 | 156.84 ± 77.27 | 0.160 |
| Change | − 106.33 ± 178.08 | − 110.68 ± 107.52 | 0.931 |
| P value (within) | 0.021 | 0.001 | |
BMI body mass index, MET metabolic equivalent of task.
aValues are expressed as mean ± standard deviation or median (25th, 75th percentiles).
bP-value for comparing the values between the study groups at baseline, at the endpoint and the change from baseline. Two sample t-test and Mann–Whitney U test were used for parametric and non-parametric comparisons, respectively.
cEndpoint values minus the baseline ones.
dP-value for comparing baseline with the end point values within each group. Paired sample t-test and Wilcoxon Paired Rank test were used for parametric and non-parametric comparison, respectively.
eP-value obtained from a non-parametric test.
fTotal MET-minutes/week = Walking (3.3METs × min × days) + Moderate intensity (4 METs × min × days) + Vigorous intensity(8METs*min*days), based on the short form of International Physical Activity Questionnaire (IPAQ).