Table 4.
Within-group and between-group comparisons of the baseline, endpoint and changes’ values for the study secondary outcomes in vitamin B12 and placebo groups.
| Variables | Vitamin B12 groupa (n = 20) | Control groupa (n = 20) | P valueb (between) | P valuec,d (ANCOVA) |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| TG (mg/dl) | ||||
| Baseline | 170 (126, 256) | 140 (103, 177) | 0.127g | |
| Endpoint | 153 (121, 186) | 149 (108, 173) | 0.607 | 0.568f |
| Changee | − 12 (− 45, 35) | 4.5 (− 34, 21) | 0.577 | |
| P value (within)f | 0.446 | 0.940 g | ||
| LDL-c (mg/dl) | ||||
| Baseline | 96 (80, 108) | 99 (83, 115) | 0.732 | |
| Endpoint | 97 (80, 115) | 102 (95, 114) | 0.559 | 0.597f |
| Change | 13 (− 12, 29) | 7.5 (− 10, 21) | 0.854 | |
| P value (within) | 0.678 | 0.319 | ||
| HDL-c (mg/dl) | ||||
| Baseline | 41.5 (36.2, 46) | 45 (39.2, 52.7) | 0.230 | |
| Endpoint | 40.9 (32.2, 46.8) | 43 (40.1, 45.7) | 0.471 | 0.783f |
| Change | − 1.9 (3.8, 1.6) | − 2 (− 8, 2) | 0.635g | |
| P value (within) | 0.054 | 0.045 | ||
| MDA (ng/ml) | ||||
| Baseline | 4.37 ± 0.89 | 4.38 ± 1.05 | 0.969 | |
| Endpoint | 3.77 ± 0.56 | 4.17 ± 0.66 | 0.049 | 0.119 |
| Change | − 0.60 ± 1.14 | − 0.21 ± 1.13 | 0.292 | |
| P value (within) | 0.029 | 0.402 | ||
ANCOVA analysis of covariance, HDL-c high density lipoprotein-cholesterol, LDL-C low density lipoprotein cholesterol, MDA Malondialdehyde, TG triglyceride.
aValues are expressed as mean ± standard deviation or median (25th, 75th percentiles).
bP-value for comparing the values between the study groups at baseline, at the endpoint and the change from baseline. Two sample t-test and Mann–Whitney U test were used for parametric and non-parametric comparisons, respectively.
cP value for ANCOVA test to determine the significant levels of differences between the two groups post-intervention while adjusting for baseline measurements and covariates.
dAdjusted for baseline values of corresponding variable, age, and the baseline values of FBG.
eEndpoint values minus the baseline ones.
fP-value for comparing baseline with end point values within each group. Paired sample t-test and Wilcoxon Paired Rank test were used for parametric and non-parametric comparison, respectively.
gP-value obtained from a non-parametric test.