Table 1.
Baseline characteristics of the study cohort
| Patients, n | 18 |
| Age (years) | 75.2 (68.4–81) |
| Female sex | 78% |
| Race (Black/White) | 11%/89% |
| Comorbidities | |
| History of atrial fibrillation/flutter | 56% |
| Hypertension | 89% |
| Diabetes | 33% |
| Coronary artery disease | 39% |
| Previous myocardial infarction | 0% |
| HF or HTN medication | |
| Loop diuretic | 83% |
| ACEi or ARB | 33% |
| Beta‐blocker | 56% |
| Mineralocorticoid receptor antagonist | 67% |
| Calcium channel blocker | 39% |
| Sacubitril/valsartan | 6% |
| SGLT2 inhibitors | 17% |
| Biometrics | |
| Body mass index (kg/m2) | 35.3 (27.6–37.2) |
| LVEF (core lab measured) (%) | 61.0 (56.0–63.2) |
| NYHA class II/III (%) | II: 5.6, III: 88.9, IV: 5.6 |
| Systolic blood pressure (mmHg) | 123.5 (114.5–135.8) |
| Diastolic blood pressure (mmHg) | 71.5 (66.2–78.8) |
| Resting heart rate (bpm) | 73.5 (69.2–80.8) |
| NT‐proBNP (pg/ml) | 334 (148–698) |
| Creatinine (mg/dl) | 0.94 (0.9–1.3) |
| Estimated glomerular filtration rate (ml/min/1.73 m2) | 60.5 (45.2–66.8) |
| Echocardiography | |
| LVEF (core lab measured) (%) | 61.0 (56.0–63.2) |
| Left ventricular mass index (g/m2) | 80.5 (67.7–93.1) |
| LA end‐diastolic volume index (ml/m2) | 19.4 (13.9–25.8) |
| LV end‐diastolic volume index (ml/m2) | 40.4 (37.6–45.7) |
| E/e′ (septal) (unitless) | 15.8 (11.3–21.8) |
| Mitral E velocity/mitral A velocity | 1.0 (0.8–1.8) |
| Baseline invasive exercise haemodynamics | |
| Resting PCWP (mmHg) | 17.0 (4.0–34.0) |
| Legs up PCWP (mmHg) | 24.0 (11.0–33.0) |
| 20 W PCWP (mmHg) | 35.0 (22.0–50.0) |
| Peak PCWP (mmHg) | 37.0 (26.0–50.0) |
| Exercise duration (min) | 6.0 (4.0–9.0) |
| Peak workload (W) | 40.0 (20.0–60.0) |
Values are median (interquartile range) unless otherwise specified.
ACEi, angiotensin‐converting enzyme inhibitor; ARB, angiotensin receptor blocker; BMI, body mass index; CVP, central venous pressure; HF, heart failure; HTN, hypertension; KCCQ, Kansas City Cardiomyopathy Questionnaire; LA, left atrial; LV, left ventricular; LVEF, left ventricular ejection fraction; NT‐proBNP, N‐terminal pro‐B‐type natriuretic peptide; NYHA, New York Heart Association; PCWP, pulmonary capillary wedge pressure; SGLT2, sodium–glucose cotransporter 2.