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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2023 Sep 1.
Published in final edited form as: Trends Cancer. 2022 Jun 23;8(9):747–758. doi: 10.1016/j.trecan.2022.04.011

Figure 2. EcDNA structure complexity and dynamics.

Figure 2.

A. EcDNA complex structures across different cancer types. EcDNA molecules can differ in sizes, oncogenes and segment composition. Schematic structures of a single-interval amplicon in leukemia (Left, PMID: 29467491), a rearranged amplicon in lung cancer with single chromosome origination (Middle, PMID: 32873787) and an amplicon in glioblastoma with segments from multiple chromosomes (Right, PMID: 29686388) are shown. B. EcDNA biogenesis, plasticity and evolution. EcDNA can be formed in multiple nonexclusive processes including chromothripsis, episome model, breakage-fusion-bridge (BFB) cycles, and translocation-excision-deletion-amplification (TEDA). Selection pressure may result in copy number changes and structure alterations of ecDNA as well as switch between ecDNAs and HSRs.