Table 2.

Farm households with medical debt and who are not confident that they could pay for cost of major illness or injury without going into debt (in % unless otherwise noted)

	Have medical debt (n = 1009)		Not confident (n = 993)
	Proportion	p	Proportion	p
All farm households	20.3	–	55.4	–
Health insurance arrangements ()
Coverage for all household members all year		0.048		0.001
Yes	19.5		54.0
No	29.1		74.1
All household members had same plan		0.002		n.s.
Yes	17.9		n.s.
No	26.9		n.s.
Had medical debt over $1000		n.a.		0.000
Yes	n.a.		66.6
No	n.a.		52.6
Off-farm employment		n.s.		0.044
Yes	n.s.		51.4
No	n.s.		57.9
Direct purchase of private plan		n.s.		0.042
Yes	n.s.		59.4
No	n.s.		53.0
Age-based public health insurance		n.s.		0.000
Yes	n.s.		40.5
No	n.s.		60.0
Means-based public health insurance		0.005		n.s.
	31.1		n.s.
	19.0		n.s.
Health insurance deductible		0.016		0.000
No deductible	14.3		35.7
$1 to $1999	15.9		47.8
$2000 to $5000	25.3		60.2
More than $5000	21.9		65.8
Out-of-pocket expenses		0.000		0.001
Up to $999	12.2		47.5
$1000 to $2999	14.2		49.7
$3000 to $4999	24.0		65.1
$5000 and over	28.7		59.3
Farm individual () and household ()
Household member(s) with pre-existing or chronic condition	0.000		n.s.
Yes	24.2		n.s.
No	14.6		n.s.
Age (mean)			55.4	0.000
At least one child under 18		n.s.		0.002
Yes	n.s.		63.8
No	n.s.		52.5
Female		0.021		0.005
Yes	24.0		61.1
No	17.9		51.9
Education		n.s.		0.001
HS or less	n.s.		59.3
Some college	n.s.		63.5
Bachelor's degree and higher	n.s.		48.0
Farm operation ()
Multi-generational farmer		n.s.		0.002
Yes	n.s.		58.2
No	n.s.		46.5
Commodity produced
Dairy	n.s.	n.s.	63.8	0.007
Fruits and vegetables	n.s.	n.s.	45.7	0.013

n.a.. Not applicable, n.s.. not statistically significant