Table 1.
Baseline characteristics of cases and control subjects*.
|
First stroke cases (n = 1,255) |
Non-stroke controls (n = 1,255) |
P-value | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Age, y | 70.8 ± 8.1 | 70.8 ± 8.1 | 0.987 |
| Male, n (%) | 621 (49.5%) | 621 (49.5%) | 1.000 |
| BMI, kg/m2 | 26.5 ± 4.4 | 25.9 ± 3.7 | <0.001 |
| SBP, mmHg | 157.2 ± 23.8 | 149.3 ± 21.7 | <0.001 |
| DBP, mmHg | 87.2 ± 12.8 | 83.3 ± 11.4 | <0.001 |
| Current smoking, n (%) | 296 (23.6%) | 255 (20.3%) | 0.048 |
| Current alcohol drinking, n (%) | 295 (23.5%) | 317 (25.3%) | 0.306 |
| Labor intensity, n (%) | 0.003 | ||
| Mild | 978 (77.9%) | 907 (72.3%) | |
| Moderate | 221 (17.6%) | 267 (21.3%) | |
| Severe | 56 (4.5%) | 81 (6.5%) | |
| Laboratory results | |||
| Albumin, g/dL | 4.7 ± 0.3 | 4.7 ± 0.3 | 0.180 |
| Total cholesterol, mmol/L | 5.8 ± 1.2 | 5.9 ± 1.2 | 0.768 |
| Triglycerides, mmol/L | 1.5 ± 0.9 | 1.3 ± 0.8 | <0.001 |
| HDL-C, mmol/L | 1.6 ± 0.4 | 1.7 ± 0.4 | <0.001 |
| Total homocysteine, μmol/L | 14.3 ± 8.0 | 13.5 ± 6.2 | 0.006 |
| Fasting glucose, mmol/L | 6.5 ± 2.5 | 6.0 ± 2.1 | <0.001 |
| eGFR, mL min−1 1.73 m−2 | 91.7 ± 15.3 | 93.3 ± 13.4 | 0.005 |
| Phosphate, mmol/L | 1.2 ± 0.3 | 1.2 ± 0.2 | 0.563 |
| 25(OH)D3, ng/mL | 24.1 ± 9.1 | 24.4 ± 9.1 | 0.422 |
| Magnesium, mg/L | 19.9 ± 1.9 | 20.0 ± 1.8 | 0.123 |
| Calcium, mg/dL | 9.5 ± 0.6 | 9.5 ± 0.6 | 0.550 |
| Albumin-corrected calcium, mg/dL | 8.9 ± 0.6 | 8.9 ± 0.6 | 0.955 |
| Medication use, n (%) | |||
| Antihypertensive drugs | 664 (52.9%) | 488 (38.9%) | <0.001 |
| Glucose-lowering drugs | 193 (15.4%) | 108 (8.6%) | <0.001 |
| Lipid-lowering drugs | 22 (1.8%) | 22 (1.8%) | 1.000 |
| Antiplatelet drugs | 60 (4.8%) | 23 (1.8%) | <0.001 |
*
For continuous variables, values are presented as means (SD). BMI, body mass index; SBP, systolic blood pressure; DBP, diastolic blood pressure; HDL-C, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol; eGFR, estimated glomerular filtration rate; 25 hydroxyvitamin D3, 25(OH)D3.