Table 1.

Functions and distribution of heat shock proteins.

HSP	Intracellular Distributions	Functions
HSP100	Cytoplasm Nucleus	Dissociation, refolding, and re-solubilization of protein aggregates
HSP90	Cytoplasm Endoplasmic Reticulum (ER) Mitochondria Nucleus	Modification of kinases, steroid hormone receptors, and transcription factors
HSP70	Chloroplasts Cytoplasm Endoplasmic Reticulum (ER) Mitochondria Nucleus	Unfolds misfolded polypeptides Translocates unfolded polyproteins through membranes Dissociates protein complexes
HSP60	Chloroplasts Cytoplasm Mitochondria	Segregates unfolded polypeptide chains Promotes unfolding of misfolded polypeptides by both active and passive mechanisms
HSP40	Cytoplasm Nucleus	Folding, Degradation and Translocation of Proteins
HSP27 (sHSP)	Cytoplasm Nucleus	Maintain cytoskeletal protein stability Against apoptosis