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. 2022 Aug 5;12:923043. doi: 10.3389/fonc.2022.923043

Table 2.

Association between tissue iron levels and RCC patient survival outcomes.

Tissue site Time to Metastasis Time to Cancer-Specific Mortality Time to All-Cause Mortality
Univariate Multivariable Univariate Multivariable Univariate Multivariable
HR (95% CI) p-value HR (95% CI) p-value HR (95% CI) p-value HR (95% CI) p-value HR (95% CI) p-value HR (95% CI) p-value
ccRCC patients Tumor Cancer Cells 0.45 (0.23, 0.87) 0.013 0.63 (0.29, 1.37) 0.24 0.70 (0.42, 1.17) 0.17 0.77 (0.51, 1.16) 0.21
TME 0.54 (0.27, 1.09) 0.068 0.84 (0.49, 1.42) 0.48 0.66 (0.43, 1.02) 0.053
Benign renal epithelium 3.02 (1.27, 7.17) <0.001 4.95 (1.65, 14.88) 0.004 3.46 (1.74, 6.89) <0.001 1.71 (0.78, 3.75) 0.18 2.17 (1.12, 4.17) 0.028 1.12 (0.53, 2.37) 0.76
non-ccRCC patients Tumor Cancer Cells 0.45 (0.10, 2.06) 0.22 0.65 (0.13, 3.21) 0.50 2.18 (0.77, 6.11) 0.12
TME 0.50 (0.09, 2.65) 0.34 0.71 (0.16, 3.17) 0.62 1.90 (0.65, 5.54) 0.20
Benign renal epithelium 1.82 (0.24, 14.07 0.78 1.04 (0.16, 6.96 0.79 1.57 (0.45, 5.46) 0.60

Hazard ratios (HR) refer to iron levels (H-scores) above the median. Multivariable analysis was performed only if time to event was significant on univariate analysis. CI, confidence interval; TME, tumor microenvironment. Bold p-values signify statistical significance.