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. 2022 Aug 5;13:959011. doi: 10.3389/fendo.2022.959011

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Copyright © 2022 Yin, Luo, Xiao, Zhang, Liu and Zhou

This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner(s) are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.

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Comprehensive factors affecting β-cell protection and therapy in LADA patients. β-cell function in LADA patients can be affected by cellular, humoral, and innate immunity. Additionally, studies have shown that age of onset, body mass index, environmental factors, genetic background, hypoglycemic agents, and immune intervention can also play an important role in β-cell damage in patients with LADA. In the future, β-cell dedifferentiation, regeneration, and β-cell replacement may be a promising approach to cure LADA patients. NK cell, natural killer cell; TZDs, thiazolidinediones; DPP4i, dipeptidyl-peptidase-4 inhibitor; GLP1-RA, glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonist; SGLT2i, sodium-glucose cotransporter 2 inhibitor.