Behavioral tests. (A) Compared with the control group, sleep deprived mice spent significantly less time in the center area of the open field test. (B) Compared with the control group, sleep deprived mice spent significantly less time in the open arms in the elevated plus-maze test. (C) Compared with the control group, sleep deprived mice spent more time immobile in tail suspension test. (D) Compared with the control group, sleep deprived mice showed significantly decreased consumption of sucrose in the sucrose preference tests. N = 6,Student's t-test. **P < 0.01, ***P < 0.001. Error bars indicate s.e.m.