. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2022 Dec 22.

Published in final edited form as: Br J Nutr. 2021 Sep 23;128(5):863–887. doi: 10.1017/S0007114521003822

Table 3.

BMR/RMR in spinal cord injury literature

Author, year	Group(s)	n	Sex	Age (years)		LOI	AIS	TSI/range (years)		BMR/RMR (kcal/d)
Author, year	Group(s)	n	Sex	Mean	SD	LOI	AIS	Mean	SD	Mean	SD
Aksnes et al., 1993	Group A-meal	6	M	27	2	C6-C7	Frankel A	5	2	1321^*,^†
	Group B-water	3	M	28	3	C6-C7	Frankel A	4	1	1218^*,^†
Alexander et al., 1995	Para-PI	14	M	53	3	Para		20	3	1891	97^*
	Para-no PI	24	M	50	3	Para	C/I	22	3	1780	62^*
Aquilani et al., 2001	All	10	M	42	19	Para	A	≥ 0·2		1469	217^*
Barco et al., 2014	All	11	M	32^†		C1-C7	C/I	Acute		1943^**,^†
Bauman et al., 2004	Twin with SCI	13	M/F	38^†		C5-L2	C/I	15	9	1387	268^**
Bauman et al., 2011	Testosterone Replacement	11	M	43	6	Para/tetra	C/I	13	10	1328	262^*
	Control	11	M	35	9	Para/tetra	C/I	12	9	1319	112^*
Bauman et al., 2015	Testosterone Treatment	13	M	44	6	Para/tetra	A-C	15	10	1283	246^*
	Control	11	M	35	9	Para/tetra	A-C	12	9	1341	105^*
Broad et al., 2020	Wheelchair rugby athletes	14	M	31	6	Para/tetra	I			1735	257^*
Buccholz et al., 2003	Para	28	M/F	34	9	Para	C/I	11	10	1465	288^*
	Controls	34		29	8					1677	233^*
Chun et al., 2017	All	50	M/F	42	11	Para/tetra	A, B	12	7	1284	139^**
	Para	23	M/F	42	12	Para	A, B	11	7	1250	147^**
	Tetra	27	M/F	42	9	Tetra	A, B	13	8	1317	124^**
Collins et al., 2010	Tetra	32	M/F	53	14	C5-C8	A-D	11	12	1411	315^*
	Para	34	M/F	52	12	T1-L4	A-D	16	14	1433	233^*
Cox et al., 1985	All	45	M/F	30^†		Para/tetra		0·18	0·04	1324^**,^†
Farkas et al., 2019	Tetra	28	M/F	43	11	C4-C8	A, B	16	11	1517	398^**
	Para	13	M/F	46	10	T2-L1	A, B	13	12	1224	390^**
Farkas et al., 2020	Mid-para	6	M/F	31	11	T6–T8	A, B	5	6	1491	241^**
	Low-para	5	M	39	11	T10-L1	A, B	10	6	1693	329^**
	Control	5	M/F	29	12					1647	233^**
Farkas et al., 2021	Para	11	M/F	35	11	T5-L1	A, B	7	6	1583	289^**
	Controls	6	M/F	29	12					1647	233^**
Gorgey et al., 2010	All	10	M/F	33	7	C6-T11	A, B	11	7	1256	231^*
Gorgey et al., 2011	All	2	M	53^†		C4/5, T11	D	0·33	2	1227^*
Gorgey et al., 2012	Exercise + diet	5	M	36	9	C5-T10	A, B	16	9	1363	132^*
	Diet	4	M	33	10	T4-T11	A, B	8	10	1793	397^*
Gorgey et al., 2015	All	16	M	38	9	C5-T10	A, B			1494	34^**
	Tetra	6	M	39	9	C5-C7	A, B			1411	10^**
	Para	10	M	38	8	T3–10	A, B			1526	34^**
Gorgey et al., 2016	Exercise	6	M	41	7	C5-T10	A, B	13	9	1470	173^**
	Control	5	M	35	8	C5-T10	A, B	5	4	1147	403^**
Gorgey et al., 2018	Male	8		38	9					1421	503^**
	Female	8		39	13					1367	396^**
Gorgey et al., 2019	Testosterone + exercise	11	M	37	12	C5-T11	A, B	10	9	1443	231^*
	Testosterone only	11	M	35	8	C6-T11	A, B	7	6	1519	331^*
Gorgey & Gater, 2011	All	32	M	36	9	C5-T11	A, B			1431	345^*
	Tetra	11	M			C5-C7	A, B			1259	204^*
	Para	25	M			T4-T11	A, B			1483	365^*
Hayes et al., 2002	All	11	M/F	36	8	Para/tetra		> 3		1390	245^*
Holmlund et al, 2018	Tetra-male	19	M	41	15	C5–C8	A, B	≥ 0		1195	207^*
	Tetra-female	7	F	42	12	C5–C8	A, B	≥ 0		959	140^*
	Para-male	28	M	45	12	T7–T12	A, B	≥ 0		1286	223^*
	Para-female	10	F	39	11	T7–T12	A, B	≥ 0		1030	206^*
Kearns et al., 1992	All	10	M/F	32	19	C4-T10	Frankel A	0·2^†		1523	109^*
Kolpek et al., 1989	All	7	M/F	34	5	C2-T3		0–0·05		1760	288^*
Lee et al., 1985	Hypometabolic	6	M	44	15		C/I	16	9	1588	209^*
	Normometabolic	5	M	41	5		C/I	19	14	1757	283^*
	Hypermetabolic	6	M	48	16		C/I	19	12	1786	255^*
Liu et al., 1996	Tetra-PI	16	M	40	3	Tetra		10	2	1775	296^*
	Tetra-no PI	16	M	40	2	Tetra		15	3	1538	264^*
	Controls	16	M	43	3			N/A		1847	268^*
Monroe et al., 1998	SCI	10	M	36	8	C6-L3	Frankel A	9	2	1756	64^*
	Controls	59	M	32	7					2212	317^*
Nightingale et al., 2017	All	33		44	9					1481	32^*
Nightingale & Gorgey, 2018	All	30	M/F	35	11	C5-L1	A, B	35	11	1499	162^**
	Tetra	9								1467	178^**
	Para	21								1497	148^**
Pelly et al., 2017	All	7	M	31	7	T3-L5	C/I	10–15		1538	139^*
Perret & Stoffel-Kurt, 2011	Acute	12	M/F	28	7	C4-T10	A, B	0·4	0·3	1414	327^*
	Chronic	12	M/F	29	7	C5-T12	A, B	5	2	1304	232^*
Rodriguez et al., 1997	All	12	M/F	32^†		Para/Tetra	C/I	< 1		2519	693^*
Sedlock & Laventure, 1990	All	4	M	28	2	T4-L1		7	3	1530	330^*
Shea et al., 2018	All	25	M/F	44^†		C4-C8	C/I	18^†		1414^,^† (M)/1104^,^† (F)
Spungen et al., 1993	All	12	M	42	3	Para		10	2	1854	70^*
Sumrell et al., 2018	All	22	M	36	10	C5-T11	A, B	8	8	1137	280^**
	Para	14	M	35	9	T4-T11	A, B	8	9	1216	278^**
	Tetra	8	M	37	12	C5-C7	A, B	8	7	1022	240^**
Tanhoffer et al., 2012	All	14	M/F	40	13	C4-T12	A, C	10	8	1432	228^*
Tanhoffer et al., 2014	Sedentary group	8	M	39	12	C6-T12	A, C	90	6	1244	304^*
	Exercise group	8	M	40	15	C6-T12	A, C	90	6	1200	234^*
Yilmaz et al., 2007	AIS A	22	M	32	11	Tetra/para	A	3^†		1433	488^*
	AIS B	8	M	33	11	Tetra/para	B	3^†		1170	394^*
	Tetra	11	M	29	10	Tetra	C	3^†		1129	300^*
	Para	19	M	34	10	Para	C	3^†		1499	508^*
Yilmaz et al., 2007	≥ T6	13	M	29	9	Tetra/para	A, B	3	3	1407	586^*
	≤ T7	7	M	37	14	Tetra/para	A, B	3	3	1504	204^*

LOI, level of injury; AIS, American Spinal Injury Association Impairment Scale; TSI, time since injury; Para, paraplegia; PI, pressure injuries; C, complete; I, incomplete; Tetra, tetraplegia. Blank spaces indicate data were not provided in the study; data are presented as mean ± standard deviation.

RMR/resting energy expenditure was measured.

^†

Standard deviation not provided.

^**

BMR was measured.