TABLE 2.
Mutationa | Species | Helix/positionb | Effect on Ligand Binding and Signal Transduction | Reference |
---|---|---|---|---|
G14T | H | 1.37 | Increased agonist affinity | Rivkees et al., 1999a |
E16A/Q | H | 1.39 | Agonist affinity reduced 4- to 40-fold; little change antagonist affinity | Barbhaiya et al., 1996 |
P25L | H | 1.48 | Modest reduction of agonist affinity | Rivkees et al., 1999a |
I31C | H | 1.54 | No changes in radioligand binding | Rivkees et al., 1999a |
C46A/S | H | 2.41 | No changes in radioligand binding | Scholl and Wells, 2000 |
S50A | H | 2.45 | No changes in radioligand binding | Barbhaiya et al., 1996 |
D55A | H | 2.50 | Increase in agonist affinity with no change in antagonist affinity; disrupted regulation of agonist binding by sodium ions | Barbhaiya et al., 1996 |
L65F | H | 2.60 | No changes in radioligand binding | Rivkees et al., 1999a |
C80A/S | H | 3.25 | No detectable radioligand binding | Scholl and Wells, 2000 |
M82F | H | 3.27 | No changes in radioligand binding | Rivkees et al., 1999a |
C85A | H | 3.30 | No changes in radioligand binding | Scholl and Wells, 2000 |
C85S | Agonist affinity reduced 4- to 13-fold; no change in antagonist affinity | Scholl and Wells, 2000 | ||
P86F | H | 3.31 | Substantial reduction of agonist binding | Rivkees et al., 1999a |
V87A | H | 3.32 | No change in ligand affinity | Rivkees et al., 1999a |
L88A | H | 3.33 | Substantial reduction of agonist binding, but also of N-0840 antagonist binding | Rivkees et al., 1999a |
T91A | H | 3.36 | Substantial reduction of agonist binding, but also of N-0840 antagonist binding | Rivkees et al., 1999a |
Q92A | H | 3.37 | Substantial reduction of agonist binding, but also of N-0840 antagonist binding | Rivkees et al., 1999a |
S93A | H | 3.38 | No changes in radioligand binding | Barbhaiya et al., 1996 |
S94A | H | 3.39 | No detectable agonist or antagonist binding | Barbhaiya et al., 1996 |
S94T | Minor changes in ligand binding | Barbhaiya et al., 1996 | ||
A125K | H | 4.43 | No changes in radioligand binding | Rivkees et al., 1999a |
C131A/S | H | 4.49 | No changes in radioligand binding | Scholl and Wells, 2000 |
S135A | H | 4.53 | No changes in radioligand binding | Barbhaiya et al., 1996 |
T141A | H | 4.59 | No changes in radioligand binding | Barbhaiya et al., 1996 |
F144L | H | 4.62 | No changes in radioligand binding | Rivkees et al., 1999a |
C169A/S | H | No detectable radioligand binding | Scholl and Wells, 2000 | |
H251L | B | 6.52 | Antagonist affinity reduced 4-fold; no change in agonist affinity | Olah et al., 1992 |
C255A/S | H | 6.56 | No changes in radioligand binding | Scholl and Wells, 2000 |
C260A/S | H | No changes in radioligand binding | Scholl and Wells, 2000 | |
C263A/S | H | No changes in radioligand binding | Scholl and Wells, 2000 | |
I270M M270I | B, C | 7.35 | Amino acid in position 270 contributes to canine/bovine A1 AR binding selectivity | Tucker et al., 1994 |
T277A | H | 7.42 | 400-fold decrease in affinity of NECA with modest changes in affinity for R-PIA and S-PIA (intact cells); substantial decrease in affinity of all agonists (membranes); no change in antagonist affinity | Townsend-Nicholson and Schofield, 1994; Dalpiaz et al., 1998 |
T277S | Modest decrease in agonist affinity; no change in antagonist affinity; nature of residue in position 277 also involved in canine/bovine A1 AR binding specificity | Tucker et al., 1994; Townsend-Nicholson and Schofield, 1994 | ||
H278L | B | 7.43 | Negligible agonist and antagonist binding | Olah et al., 1992 |
C309A/S | H | No changes in radioligand binding | Scholl and Wells, 2000 |
The results were obtained from site-directed mutagenesis studies of the A1 AR (species; H, human; B, bovine; C, canine).
Amino acids are represented in single-letter code with position number shown. The first amino acid is that of the wild-type receptor, with the second residue being that used for substitution.
Position on helix, using notation of van Rhee and Jacobson (1996).