TABLE 1.

This chart summarizes the effects of prebiotic on gut microbiota, and directly or indirectly plays a role in CRC.

Functional component	Effects on gut microbiota	References
Prebiotic	Prebiotics produce large amounts of SCFA through beneficial bacteria fermentation to improve the intestinal mucosal microenvironment.	Gagliani et al., 2014; Fruge et al., 2021
Polysaccharides	Polysaccharides can induce CRC cell apoptosis and inhibit CRC cell invasion, adhesion, and metastasis. It can also improve host flora and enhance host immunity.	Gagniere et al., 2016; Geller et al., 2017; Gopalakrishnan et al., 2018; Gorska et al., 2019; Ghanavati et al., 2020; Hazafa et al., 2020; Geng et al., 2021; Genua et al., 2021; Guo et al., 2021
Pectin	Pectin can improve the therapeutic effect of anti- CRC chemotherapy. It can also regulate intestinal flora and increase the abundance of butyric acid-producing bacteria.	Holzer and Farzi, 2014; Higashimura et al., 2016; Henriksen et al., 2017
Phenolic	Polyphenols can overcome the damage of CRC treatment drugs to normal cells and play a key role in the regulation of intestinal microorganisms.	Huang J. R. et al., 2019; Huang X. M. et al., 2019; Ji et al., 2020; Illescas et al., 2021; Huang R. et al., 2022
Food fiber	Gut microbiota ferments plant fibers to produce butyric acid, which can improve the therapeutic effect of drugs. Second, cellulose can also change the composition of flora.	Ji et al., 2019; Jiang et al., 2020; Jin et al., 2021; Jones and Molloy, 2021