Table 3.
Prevalence of depression.
| Study | Country | Population | Sample size | Period of data collection | Instrument | Prevalence |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Abu-Snieneh et al. (2020)13 | KSA | Nurses | 1265 | End of April 2020–middle of June 2020 | PHQ-9 | Mild: 33.6% Moderate: 14.5% Severe: 11.4% Moderate to severe: 25.9% |
| Alahmadi et al. (2020)14 | KSA | ophthalmology residents | 142 (PHQ-9: 108) | 7 July 2020–14 July 2020 | PHQ-9 | Mild: 33.1% Moderate: 26.1% Severe: 11.3% Moderate to severe: 37.4% |
| AlAmmari et al. (2021)23 | KSA | HCWs | 720 | 27 April 2020–4 May 2020 | PHQ-9 | Mild: 26.1% Moderate: 13% Moderately severe: 7.91% Severe: 2.08% Moderate to severe: 22.99% |
| Alamri et al. (2020)24 | KSA | General population (including HCWs) | 542 (HCWs only) | 10 May 2020–16 May 2020 | DASS-21 | 32.7% (cut-off: 21) |
| AlAteeq et al. (2020)26 | KSA | HCWs | 502 | March 2020 | PHQ-9 | Mild: 24.9% Moderate: 14.5% Moderately severe: 10% Severe: 5.8% Moderate to severe: 30.3% |
| AlMaqbali et al. (2021)32 | Oman | Nurses | 1130 | 7 August 2020–17 August 2020 | HADS | 38.5% |
| Almater et al. (2020)29 | KSA | Ophthalmologists | 107 | 28 March 2020–4 April 2020 | PHQ-9 | Mild: 21.5% Moderate: 17.8% Moderately severe: 7.5% Severe: 3.7% Moderate to severe: 29% |
| Alsairafi et al. (2021)37 | Kuwait | HCWs and health students | 559 (HCWs only) | May 2020–July 2020 | PHQ-9 | Mild: 4.1% Moderate: 32.2% Moderately severe: 35.6% Severe: 28.1% Moderate to severe: 95.9% |
| Alsaywid et al. (2020)15 | KSA | Residents and fellows | 1528 | – | PHQ-9 | Mild: 23.4% Moderate: 24.4% Moderately severe: 22.3% Severe: 19.9% Moderate to severe: 66.6% |
| Alshekaili et al. (2020)33 | Oman | HCWs | 1139 | 8 April 2020–17 April 2020 | DASS-21 | 32.3% |
| Arafa et al. (2020)40 | KSA and Egypt | HCWs | 151 (KSA only) | 14 April 2020–24 April 2020 | DASS-21 | Mild to moderate: 37.1% Severe to very severe: 14.6% Total: 51.7% |
| Balay-Odao et al. (2021)18 | KSA | Nurses | 281 | April 2020–June 2020 | DASS-21 | Mild: 19.6% Severe: 23.5% Extremely severe: 5.7% Mild to extremely severe: 48.8% |
| Burhamah et al. (2020)38 | Kuwait | General population (including HCWs) | 282 (HCWs only) | 25 May 2020–30 May 2020 | PHQ-9 | 63.8% |
| Jahan et al. (2021)35 | Oman | Physicians and nurses in PHCs | 327 | – | DASS-21 | Mild: 14% Moderate: 21.5% Severe: 4.4% Extremely severe: 2.2% Mild to extremely severe: 42.1% |
| Joseph et al. (2020)19 | KSA | General population (including HCWs) | 110 (HCWs only) | 12 April 2020–10 May 2020 | PHQ-4 | Moderate to severe combined anxiety/depression: 20% |
| Shalaby et al. (2021)20 | KSA | HCWs in tertiary hospitals | 1182 | 1 June 2020–31 July 2020 | PHQ-9 | Mild: 4% Moderate: 14% Moderately severe: 30% Severe: 52% Moderately severe to severe: 82% (cut-off: 11) |
| Surrati et al. (2020)21 | KSA | HCWs | 118 | April 2020 | HADS | Borderline: 21.2% Abnormal: 27.9% Total: 49.1% |