Table 4.
Prevalence of stress.
| Study | Country | Population | Sample size | Period of data collection | Instrument | Prevalence |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Alamri et al. (2020)24 | KSA | General population (including HCWs) | 542 (HCWs only) | 10 May 2020–16 May 2020 | DASS-21 | 22.1% |
| Aldarmasi et al. (2021)27 | KSA | HCWs | 377 | November 2020–January 2021 | PSS-10 | Low: 10% Moderate: 82% High: 8% Moderate to high: 90% |
| AlMaqbali et al. (2021)32 | Oman | Nurses | 1130 | 7 August 2020–17 August 2020 | PSS-10 | 75.6% |
| Almater et al. (2020)29 | KSA | Ophthalmologists | 107 | 28 March 2020–4 April 2020 | PSS-10 | Low: 28% Moderate: 68.2% High: 3.7% Moderate to high: 71.9% |
| Alshekaili et al. (2020)33 | Oman | HCWs | 1139 | 8 April 2020–17 April 2020 | DASS-21 | 23.8% |
| Arafa et al. (2020)40 | KSA and Egypt | HCWs | 151 (KSA only) | 14 April 2020–24 April 2020 | DASS-21 | Mild to moderate: 22.5% Severe to very severe: 12.6% Mild to very severe: 35.1% |
| Badahdah et al. (2020)34 | Oman | physicians and nurses | 509 | 1st two weeks of April 2020 | PSS-10 | Low stress: 43.6% High stress: 56.4% |
| Balay-Odao et al. (2021)18 | KSA | nurses | 281 | April 2020–June 2020 | DASS-21 | Mild: 5.7% Moderate: 8.5% Severe: 2.8% Extremely severe: 0.7% Mild to extremely severe: 17.7% |
| Jahan et al. (2021)35 | Oman | Physicians and nurses in PHCs | 327 | – | DASS-21 | Mild: 14.3% Moderate: 7.2% Severe: 4.4% Extremely severe: 0.9% Mild to extremely severe: 26.8% |
| Jahrami et al. (2020)39 | Bahrain | HCWs | 257 | April 2020 | PSS-10 | Low: 15.9% Moderate: 66.9% High: 17.1% Moderate to severe: 84% |
| Joseph et al. (2020)19 | KSA | General population (including HCWs) | 110 (HCWs only) | 12 April 2020–10 May 2020 | IES-6 | 68% |
| Khamis et al. (2020)36 | Oman | Female physicians and nurses | 402 | April 2020 (first 2 weeks) | PSS-10 | Low: 46.5% High: 53.5% |
| Surrati et al. (2020)21 | KSA | HCWs | 118 | April 2020 | PSS-4 | Low: 24.5% Moderate: 72.8% Severe: 2.6% Moderate to severe: 33.8% |