(a) Final equilibrated configurations of zwitterionic-AuNPs with
different polymer chain lengths interacting with lipid membranes at
(left) 50% and (right) 100% protonation degree, respectively. Water
molecules are not displayed for clarity. The lipid headgroups are
shown in blue, lipid tails in silver, gold core in yellow, PEG in
green, the zwitterionic polymer in blue, and zwitterionic polymer
after protonation in magenta. Adapted from ref (160). Copyright 2017 American
Chemical Society. (b) PES-b-PCBMA/PES membrane (the
blend of PES-b-PCBMA copolymer and PES homopolymer)
formation process via nonsolvent induced phase separation (NIPS).
Depicted are the initial state at (1) step 0; (2) step 20 000;
(3) step 100 000; (4) step 20 000; (5) step
400 000. Brown green beads represent PES; orange beads represent
the PES segments in the PES-b-PCBMA copolymer; and
cyan depicts MMA segments (composed of A). Solvent D beads, water
beads, and zwitterionic segment B beads are omitted for clarity. Adapted
from ref (220). Copyright
2019 American Chemical Society. (c) Molecular structures of the 12
zwitterionic moieties studied. Adapted from ref (226). Copyright 2014 American
Chemical Society. (d) (Left panel) One Levodopa molecule in the POPC-cholesterol
bilayer. All the cholesterol molecules in the visualized lipid phase
are depicted in the color blue, and again the Levodopa is portrayed
in black color with green contour. (Right panel) Mass density profiles
of the aqueous phase, cholesterol-free lipid phase consisting of DPPC
molecules and Levodopa in its zwitterionic form along the normal to
the two leaflets of the bilayer. Adapted with permission from ref (113). Copyright 2021 Elsevier.