Table 3.
Estimates of the effects of alcohol consumption on liver disease in the USA in 2017
| Mechanism | Consequence | Women | Men | Total |
|---|---|---|---|---|
|
| ||||
| Heavy drinking over time on alcoholic liver cirrhosis | Alcoholic liver cirrhosis incidence | 13 000 (12 100–14 000) | 22 100 (20 700–23 700) | 35 200 (32 800–37 800) |
| Heavy-drinking occasions on sexual transmission of HBV and HCV | Acute HBV incidence | 10 (0–30) | 210 (140–320) | 220 (150–340) |
| Acute HCV incidence | 100 (0–250) | 1300 (900–2000) | 1400 (900–2100) | |
| Acute HBV and HCV incidence | 100 (0–250) | 1600 (1000–2400) | 1700 (1100–2500) | |
| Alcohol use linked-decrease in clearance of acute HBV and HCV leading-increased chronic HBV and HCV cases | Chronic HBV incidence | 3100 (2200–4000) | 10 900 (3800–15 500) | 14 000 (5900–19 500) |
| Chronic HCV incidence | 350 (250–460) | 1350 (470–1900) | 1700 (700–2400) | |
| Alcohol use interaction with chronic HBV and HCV in the course of liver disease progression | Cirrhosis due—HBV | 170 (50–300) | 1000 (700–1400) | 1200 (900–1500) |
| Cirrhosis due—HCV | 1300 (390–2200) | 6400 (4300–8500) | 7700 (6000–9400) | |
| Alcohol use interaction with obesity on liver cirrhosis | Liver cirrhosis incidence | 2600 (1600–3800) | 7800 (5300–10 800) | 10 400 (8400–12 800) |
| Alcohol use on liver disease, for example liver cancer | Liver cancer incidence | 2800 (1200–4300) | 5500 (3000–8400) | 8300 (5300–11 600) |
| Liver cancer death | 3600 (1200–4100) | 4100 (2200–6300) | 6600 (4200–9300) | |
| Continued alcohol consumption on chronic liver disease death (excluding liver cancer) | Liver cirrhosis death | 14 000 (11 700–16 800) | 26 600 (23 100–29 500) | 40 700 (36 600–44 600) |
Data were rounded—to the next 10 for numbers below 1000; and to the next 100 for numbers above 1000. Numbers in parentheses denote the 95% uncertainty interval. See Methods and Materials and Data S1 (Supporting Information) for details on calculation. HBV, hepatitis B virus; HCV, hepatitis C virus.