Table 4.

Associations between Frailty and Health-related Quality of Life among older cancer patients: Tobit regression and Logistic regression (N = 229)

	EQ-5D-5L utility scores				EQ-5D-5L lower quartiles
Variables	Estimate	SE	t	P	Estimate	OR	95%CI	P
Sex
Male	Ref				Ref
Female	− 0.003	0.033	− 0.086	0.931	− 0.094	0.910	0.348–2.291	0.844
Marital status
Married	Ref				Ref
Not married	0.127	0.053	2.376	0.018	− 0.922	0.398	0.056–1.785	0.275
Education level
Uneducated and primary school	Ref				Ref
Middle school	0.055	0.031	1.761	0.078	− 0.784	0.456	0.173–1.146	0.102
High school and above	0.022	0.036	0.612	0.541	0.110	1.116	0.397–3.110	0.832
Health insurance
UEBMI	Ref				Ref
URRBMI	− 0.029	0.034	− 0.862	0.388	0.159	1.172	0.430–3.244	0.756
Monthly household income, Chinese yuan
< 1000	Ref				Ref
1000–3000	0.020	0.036	0.550	0.582	− 0.723	0.485	0.180–1.284	0.147
3000–5000	− 0.037	0.040	− 0.926	0.354	− 0.232	0.793	0.263–2.371	0.678
5000–10,000	0.002	0.050	0.046	0.963	− 0.855	0.425	0.102–1.682	0.229
Cancer site
Lung	Ref				Ref
Stomach	0.143	0.035	4.081	0.000	− 1.687	0.185	0.048–0.559	0.006
Esophagus	0.011	0.040	0.268	0.789	− 0.552	0.576	0.182–1.670	0.323
Colorectal	0.167	0.045	3.738	0.000	− 0.827	0.437	0.131–1.318	0.156
Other	0.096	0.041	2.307	0.021	− 1.455	0.233	0.047–0.861	0.044
Cancer stage
I	Ref				Ref
II	− 0.071	0.042	− 1.692	0.091	0.178	1.187	0.275–5.106	0.814
III	− 0.150	0.038	− 3.885	0.000	1.369	3.930	1.270–14.158	0.024
IV	− 0.131	0.038	− 3.482	0.000	1.250	3.859	1.214–14.239	0.029
Comorbidity
0	Ref				Ref
1	0.042	0.029	1.440	0.150	− 0.178	0.837	0.342–1.952	0.687
≥ 2	− 0.034	0.042	-0.803	0.422	0.343	1.409	0.438–4.455	0.558
Diagnosis year
≤ 1	Ref				Ref
≥ 2	0.000	0.028	− 0.004	0.997	0.458	1.580	0.735–3.413	0.240
Frailty status
Not Frail	Ref				Ref
Frail	− 0.088	0.031	− 2.861	0.004	1.796	6.024	2.194–19.429	0.001

Abbreviations: UEBMI Urban Employees' Basic Medical Insurance; URRBMI Urban–Rural Residents' Basic Medical Insurance