Table 2.

Inclusion and exclusion criteria for study A

Inclusion criteria

Patients receiving VA-ECMO for any reason within 24 h

Provision of informed consent

Exclusion criteria

Age < 18 years

Receiving ECMO bridging to heart transplantation

With convention indication of CRRT: AKI prior to enrollment caused by any reason, at least one of the following criteria is met:

Severe hyperkalemia (> 6.5 mmol/L)

Metabolic acidosis (pH < 7.2)

Pulmonary edema

Blood urea nitrogen level > 112 mg/dL

Oliguria (urine output < 200 mL/12 h) for more than 72 h

CKD, with estimated GFR<30 mL/min

Have already initiated CRRT

Active hemorrhage/thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura

Receiving ECMO again during hospitalization or respiratory failure has already initiated VV-ECMO or extracorporeal carbon dioxide removal device before the initiation of VA-ECMO of this time

AKI chronic kidney disease, CKD chronic kidney disease, CRRT continuous renal replacement therapy, ECMO extracorporeal membrane oxygenation, GFR glomerular filtration rate, VA-ECMO veno-arterial extracorporeal membrane oxygenation, VV-ECMO veno-venous extracorporeal membrane oxygenation