Table 1.
Preoperative characteristics
| Parameters | Total | DSC | PSC | P-value |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| n = 704 | n = 109 | n = 595 | ||
| Clinical demographics | ||||
| Age (years) | 56.6 ± 13.7 | 57.1 ± 14.5 | 56.6 ± 13.5 | 0.716 |
| Sex (female, n,%) | 214, 30.4 | 34, 31.2 | 180, 30.3 | 0.844 |
| Hypertension (n,%) | 510, 72.4 | 75, 68.8 | 435, 73.1 | 0.355 |
| Diabetes mellitus (n,%) | 47, 6.7 | 5, 4.6 | 42, 7.1 | 0.342 |
| Creatinine (mg/dL) | 1.4 ± 1.4 | 1.6 ± 1.4 | 1.4 ± 1.4 | 0.157 |
| End-stage renal disease (n,%) | 12, 1.7 | 1, 0.9 | 11, 1.8 | 0.490 |
| Preoperative condition | ||||
| Systolic blood pressure (mmHg) | 97.6 ± 19.7 | 96.7 ± 21.2 | 97.8 ± 19.4 | 0.600 |
| Systolic blood pressure < 90 mmHg (n,%) | 162, 23.0 | 29, 26.6 | 133, 22.4 | 0.332 |
| Cardiopulmonary resuscitation (n,%) | 23, 3.3 | 5, 4.6 | 18, 3.0 | 0.399 |
| Ventilator support (n,%) | 39, 5.5 | 10, 9.2 | 29, 4.9 | 0.071 |
| Repeat surgery (n,%) | 25, 3.6 | 4, 3.7 | 21, 3.5 | 0.942 |
| Clinical presentation | ||||
| DeBakey type II (n,%) | 68, 9.7 | 10, 9.2 | 58, 9.7 | 0.852 |
| Intramural hematoma (n,%) | 132, 18.8 | 21, 19.3 | 111, 18.7 | 0.881 |
| Chest/back pain (n,%) | 525, 74.6 | 83, 76.1 | 442, 74.3 | 0.682 |
| Hemopericardium (n,%) | 236, 33.5 | 47, 43.1 | 189, 31.8 | 0.021 |
| Aortic regurgitation > moderate (n,%) | 104, 14.8 | 16, 14.7 | 88, 14.8 | 0.976 |
| Malperfusiona (n,%) | 109, 15.5 | 29, 26.6 | 80, 13.4 | < 0.001 |
| Acute myocardial infarction (n,%) | 15, 2.1 | 5, 4.6 | 10, 1.7 | 0.053 |
| Cerebral infarction (n,%) | 29, 4.1 | 9, 8.3 | 20, 3.4 | 0.018 |
DSC delayed sternal closure; PSC primary sternal closure
aOccurrence of preoperative limb ischemia, cerebral infarction, paraplegia, coronary artery occlusion, and mesenteric ischemia