TABLE 5.
The effect of lagged health check-ups on health among the elderly (N = 2,544) (Chinese Longitudinal Health Longevity Survey, China, 2011, 2018).
| Variables | Model 1 | Model 2 | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Rural | Urban | Rural | Urban | |
| OR | OR | OR | OR | |
| (SE) | (SE) | (SE) | (SE) | |
| AHC in 2011 (ref: No) | ||||
| Yes | 2.044*** | 1.245 | 3.385*** | 1.628 |
| (0.411) | (0.212) | (1.213) | (0.524) | |
| Gender (ref: Male) | ||||
| Female | 1.081 | 1.503 | ||
| (0.360) | (0.495) | |||
| Age group, years (ref: <80) | ||||
| ≥80 | 2.699** | 1.283 | ||
| (0.974) | (0.453) | |||
| Marital status (ref: unmarried) | ||||
| Married | 1.763 | 0.754 | ||
| (0.630) | (0.275) | |||
| Education level (ref: illiterate) | ||||
| Literate | 0.611 | 0.912 | ||
| (0.215) | (0.321) | |||
| Pre-retirement occupation (ref: white collar) | ||||
| Others | 1.248 | 1.531 | ||
| (0.605) | (0.554) | |||
| Region (ref: Eastern) | ||||
| Central south | 1.548 | 0.657 | ||
| (0.555) | (0.231) | |||
| West | 0.727 | 0.720 | ||
| (0.386) | (0.314) | |||
| North | 1.727 | 1.091 | ||
| (1.974) | (0.847) | |||
| Northeast | 4.075 | 1.783 | ||
| (3.513) | (1.299) | |||
| Economic status (ref: Poor) | ||||
| Median | 4.044*** | 3.608* | ||
| (1.554) | (1.803) | |||
| Richer | 4.303** | 7.216** | ||
| (2.166) | (4.480) | |||
| ADLs disability (ref: No) | ||||
| Yes | 0.266*** | 0.430* | ||
| (0.102) | (0.148) | |||
| IADLs disability (ref: No) | ||||
| Yes | 0.823 | 0.335** | ||
| (0.308) | (0.142) | |||
| Having social security and insurance (ref: No) | ||||
| Yes | 1.241 | 1.410 | ||
| (0.671) | (0.773) | |||
| Number of chronic diseases (ref: None) | ||||
| One | 0.722 | 0.300* | ||
| (0.292) | (0.146) | |||
| Two or more | 0.409* | 0.236** | ||
| (0.151) | (0.110) | |||
| Access to healthcare services (ref: No) | ||||
| Yes | 1.751 | 5.445† | ||
| (1.120) | (4.737) | |||
| Cohabiting with others (ref: No) | ||||
| Yes | 0.853 | 1.727 | ||
| (0.341) | (0.683) | |||
| Smoking (ref: No) | ||||
| Yes | 1.345 | 0.713 | ||
| (0.651) | (0.335) | |||
| Drinking (ref: No) | ||||
| Yes | 1.348 | 2.986† | ||
| (0.670) | (1.774) | |||
| Exercising (ref: No) | ||||
| Yes | 1.570 | 1.127 | ||
| (0.597) | (0.400) | |||
Note: AHC was extracted from 2011 wave and SRH was extracted from 2018 wave.
Model 1: Crude logistic regression; Model 2: Adjusted logistic regression.
Standard error presents in parentheses.
***p <0.001, **p <0.01, *p <0.05, † p < 0.1.
AHC, Annual health check-up; ADLs, Activities of daily living; IADLs, Instrumental activities of daily living.