Table 2.
Surgical procedural characteristics
| Study | Access | Device | Energy source | Basic lesion | Additional linear ablation | GP | LAA closure | Procedural duration, min |
|
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Surgical | Total | ||||||||
| Bisleri et al9 | VATS (unilateral R) | Cobra | Unipolar RF | Box | N | N | N | 85 ± 9 | – |
| Bulava et al10 | VATS (bilateral) | AtriCure | Bipolar RF | Box | LOM, Trigone | Y | Y (42/50) | 190 ± 30 | |
| de Asmundis et al11 | VATS (bilateral) | AtriCure | Bipolar RF | Box | SVC (34 [53%]) + caval line (if RA dilated) +ML (4 [6%]) | N | Y (47/64) | – | 268 ± 71 |
| Edgerton et al21 | Laparoscopic | nContact | Unipolar RF | Box | LOM, RA line | N | N | – | 277 ± 64 |
| Eisenberger et al27 | Sternotomy | Medtronic | Cryoablation | Box | LOM, mitral isthmus, cavotricuspid isthmus | N | Y | – | – |
| Gaita et al26 | Sternotomy | Frigitronics | Cryoablation | PVI | Roof line, mitral isthmus | N | Y | – | – |
| Gehi et al22 | Laparoscopic | nContact | Unipolar RF | PVI | LOM, roof line (90/101), Floor line, mitral isthmus (84/101), RIPV-IVC, WG | N | N | – | – |
| Gersak et al8 | Laparoscopic | nContact | Unipolar RF | PVI | LOM, roof line, RIPV-IVC | Y | N | – | 313 ± 94 |
| Kiser et al23 | Laparoscopic | nContact | Unipolar RF | PVI | LOM, roof line, mitral isthmus, RIPV-IVC, RIPV-Thebesian valve, oblique sinus, WG | N | N | 102 | – |
| Krul et al19 | VATS (bilateral) | AtriCure | Bipolar RF | PVI | LOM +/– (RL + FL + Trigone in LSP and P patients) | Y | Y | – | 205∗ |
| Kumar et al12 | VATS (bilateral) | AtriCure | Bipolar RF | Box | N | N | – | 223 ± 57 | |
| Kurfirst et al13 | VATS (bilateral) | AtriCure | Bi/Unipolar RF | PVI | LOM (29/30), roof + floor lines (29/30), mitral isthmus (26/30) | Y | Y (19/30) | – | 201 ± 30 |
| La Meir et al14 | VATS (bilateral) | Cobra | Unipolar RF | Box | N | Y | N | – | 216∗ |
| La Meir et al15 | VATS (bilateral) | AtriCure | Bi/Unipolar RF | PVI | Roof line (32/35), floor line (31/35), mitral isthmus (7/35) | Y | Y (15/35) | – | 268∗ |
| Lee et al28 | Mini thoracotomy | Gemini-X | Bipolar RF | PVI | N | Y | Y | – | – |
| Mahapatra et al16 | VATS (unilateral R) | AtriCure | Bipolar RF | PVI | SVC, roof line, mitral isthmus, LOM | Y | Y | – | 450 ± 20 |
| Muneretto et al6 | VATS (unilateral R) | Cobra | Unipolar RF | Box | N | N | N | 80 ± 7 | – |
| Osmancik et al20 | VATS (unilateral R) | Cobra | Bi/Unipolar RF | Box | N | N | Y (8/30) | 115 ± 30 | – |
| Pison et al17 | VATS (bi/unilateral R) | AtriCure | Bipolar RF | PVI/Box | Mitral isthmus (3/26), bicaval line (9/26), SVC (7/26), IVC (3/26), roof line (1/26) | N | Y | – | 280 ± 84 |
| Richardson et al18 | VATS (bilateral) | AtriCure | Bipolar RF | Box | SVC + IVC + LOM | Y | Y | – | – |
| Toplisek et al24 | Laparoscopic | nContact | Unipolar RF | PVI | LOM, RL, inferior RPV → IVC | Y | N | – | – |
| Zembala et al25 | Laparoscopic | nContact | Unipolar RF | PVI | LOM, RA line +/– complete posterior wall | N | N | 141 ± 25 | – |
GP, Ganglionated plexi; LAA, left atrial appendage; VATS, video-assisted thoracoscopic surgery; R, right; RF, radiofrequency; N, no; LOM, ligament of Marshall; Y, yes; SVC, superior vena cava; RA, right atrium; ML, mitral line; PVI, pulmonary vein isolation; RIPV, right inferior pulmonary vein; IVC, inferior vena cava; WG, Waterson's grove; FL, floor line; LSP, long standing persistent; P, persistent.
∗
Denotes median value.