Table 5.

Complications

Study	Mean LOS, d	30-d mortality, n (%)	Stroke, n (%)	Reoperation for bleeding/effusion, n (%)	Phrenic nerve injury, n (%)	AO fistula, n (%)	Conversion to open procedure, n (%)	Postoperative PPM, n (%)	Total, N
Bisleri et al9	3.9 ± 1.4	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bulava et al10	4.1 ± 1.1	0	0	1 (2)	4 (8)	0	2 (4)	0	7
de Asmundis et al11	6 ± 3	0	0	4 (6)	0	0	2 (3)	0	6
Edgerton et al21	5∗	3 (13)	2 (8)	1 (4)	1 (4)	1 (4)	0	0	8
Eisenberger et al27	–	0	0	4 (11)	2 (6)	0	–	0	6
Gaita et al26	–	0	4	0	0	0	–	5 (15)	9
Gehi et al22	4.4	2 (2)	0	2	0	1 (1)	0	0	7
Gersak et al8	–	1 (2)	1	0	0	2 (4)	0	0	5
Kiser et al23	–	0	0	0		0	0	0	2
Krul et al19	6∗	0	0	0	0	0	3 (10)	0	3
Kumar et al12	–	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kurfirst et al13	4.5 ± 3	0	0	0	0	0	2 (7)	0	3
La Meir et al14	3.6∗	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
La Meir et al15	3.4∗	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Lee et al28	5	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mahapatra et al16	4.1 ± 0.1	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Muneretto et al6	4 ± 1.8	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Osmancik et al20	7.6 ± 5.3	0	1 (3)	0	1 (3)	0	0	0	2
Pison et al17	7 ± 2	0	0	1 (4)	0	0	0	0	1
Richardson et al18	6∗	1 (1)	0	0	1 (1)	0	0	1 (1)	3
Toplisek et al24	–	0	1 (3)	2 (5)	0	0	0	0	3
Zembala et al25	–	1 (1)	2 (2)	3 (3)	1 (1)	0	1	0	8
Median [CI]	5.0	0.2 [0–0.9]	0.3 [0–1.1]	1.6 [0.6–3.0]	0.3 [0–1.1]	~0 [0–0.5]	0.3 [0–1.1]	~0 [0–0.5]	6.5 [3.4–10.2]

LOS, Length of stay; AO, atrioesophageal; PPM, permanent pacemaker; CI, confidence interval.

^∗Median