Figure 3.

Subjects were divided into 2 groups. Patients with no oral management intervention who underwent surgery from April 2014 to March 2016 and patients with our oral management intervention who underwent surgery from April 2016 to March 2018. All patients from April 2016 had our oral management intervention. Patients were instructed on how to stimulate oral mucosa with a toothbrush. Our oral management intervention reduced the number of postoperative complications from pneumonia, hospital stay, and Clavian-Dindo classification Ⅱ and greater.