Table E3.

Pacemaker details in studies including < 250 patients (n = 30)

Study	Indications PPI	Timing of PPI, d	PPI rate	Dependency definition	Dependency rate	Dependency follow-up, months∗	Multivariable Predictors PPI	Association	PPI-related complications
Sinhal et alE1	na	2	5.6%	na	86%	6	na	na	na
Jilaihawi et alE2	90% AVB 10% SSS	na	33.3%	Description by case of the % ventricular pacing at follow-up	66.6%	1	•LBBB with left axis deviation •Diastolic interventricular septa dimension >17 mm •Noncoronary cuspid thickness >8 mm	na	na
Baan et alE3	100% AVB	3	26.9%	“ventricular pacing” reported	100%	1	na	•Smaller left ventricle outflow tract diameter •More left-sided heart axis •More mitral annular calcification •Smaller postimplantation indexed effective orifice area	na
Fraccaro et alE4	96% AVB 4% SSS	na	39%	With pacemaker to VVI at the lowest rate possible: continuous pacing or complete AVB or AF with inadequate ventricular response	23.5%	12	•Depth of the prosthesis implantation •Pre-existing RBBB	na	na
Van der boon et alE5	83.3% AVB 13.8% bradycardia 2.7% others	8	21.6%	By temporarily turning off the PPM or programming to a VVI modus at 30 bpm to assess dependency → if high-degree AVB (second degree Mobitz II or third degree) or a slow (<30 bpm) or absent ventricular escape rhythm observed	44.4%	11.5	na	na	na
Pereira et alE6	100% AVB	3	33%	Absence of any intrinsic or escape rhythm during back-up pacing at 30 beats/min (VVI)	27%	12	na	•Porcelain aorta = independent predictors of pacing dependency at follow-up	na
Goldenberg et alE7	61.5% AVB 3% SSS 34% others	na	16.8%	High degree of AVB (second degree or complete) or intrinsic rhythm <30 beats/min during pacemaker inhibition	29%	12	na	na	na
Ramazzina et alE8	46% AVB 55% others	na	36.1%	>99% ventricular pacing	29%	12	•Use of MCV	•Diabetes •Atrial fibrillation before TAVI •Associated with no need for PPI	na
Boerlage-Van Dijk et alE9	91.3% AVB	3	19%	Ventricular-paced rhythm (no other definition)	52%	11.3	•Mitral annular calcification •Pre-existing RBBB	•No factors found	4.3% atrial lead repositioning 4.3% pocket hematoma 4.3% cerebral vascular accident
Renilla et alE10	100% AVB	2	37.9%	Presence of a high-degree AVB (Mobitz II and III) or a slow <30 bpm or absent ventricular escape rhythm (pacemaker turned off or programmed to VVI modus at 30 bpm)	39.1%	35	na	na	3% pacemaker pocket infection
Petronio et alE11	na	na	24.4%	VVI programming 30 beats/min	40.7%	1	•Implantation depth	•Implantation depth <4 mm	na
Weber et alE12	90% AVB 2% bradycardy 2% SSS 5% others	na	23%	Pacemaker is partially or frequently needed to ensure heartbeat	35%	9	na	na	na
Schernthaner et alE13	78% AVB 7% SSS 13% Others	7	20%	Absence of an escape or intrinsic rhythm for 30 s during temporary back-up pacing at a rate of 30 bpm	37%	1.5	na	na	na
Kostopoulou et alE14	100% AVB	na	22%	Asystole or CHB with or without escape rhythm after cessation of pacing	9%	12	•Prolonged HV interval prognostic for PPI	•Trend between Δ QRS and PPI at 6-mo analysis	na
Sideris et alE15	100% AVB	na	38.7%	High ventricular pacing rate >99%	100%	6	na	na	1.5% pneumothorax
Luke et alE16	100% AVB	na	39.3%	“Pacing"	0.7%	3	•Previous conduction system disease •History of atrial fibrillation	Trends with •history of atrial fibrillation •presence of RBBB •male sex •atrioventricular nodal blocking drugs	na
Makki et alE17	63% AVB 4% bradycardia 33% others	3	14%	Underlying ventricular asystole >5 s, CHB, >50% pacing, symptoms in the setting of bradycardia (rate <50 bpm)	33%	3	na	na	na
Nijenhuis et alE18	87% AVB	8	24%	Ventricular pacing reported	68%	27	•Previous atrial fibrillation •Use of digoxin •MCV implantation •Left heart axis	na	na
Naveh et alE19	100% AVB	na	34.5%	Absent or inadequate intrinsic ventricular rhythm on pacemaker interrogation (intrinsic rhythm <30 bpm); >5% VP from the last follow-up on pacemaker interrogation; any evidence of VP on pacemaker interrogation in case where the programmed AV interval was >300 ms	68.4%	12	•Baseline RBBB •PR interval (each increment of 10 milliseconds in PR interval, risk for PPI 17% greater)	na	0%
Alasti et alE20	89.2% AVB 2.6% SSS 7.8% Others	3	25%	The need for ventricular pacing when the pacing rate was lowered to 40 bpm for 10 s → dependent: slow (<40 bpm) or absent ventricular escape rhythm or AVB (Mobitz II or III)	38%	12	na	na	16% hematomas
Ortak et alE21	83% AVB 16% others	na	22%	na	64%	1	•Implantation depth •LOTUS implantation depth >4.8 mm = cut-off to predict PPI	na	na
Rodes-Cabau et alE22	81% AVB 9% bradycardia 9% others	42	11%	na	78%	12	na	na	na
Leong et alE23	74.6% AVB 20.8% bradycardia 13.5% others	2.3	44.8%	Ventricular pacing reported	73%	2.4	na	•Male sex •Increase in QRS duration post-TAVI •Associated with PPI	0%
Sharma et alE24	na	na	11.1%	Spontaneous response ventricular rate less than 30 bpm during backup pacing set at 30 beats/min for 30 s	32%	1	na	•RBBB •Intra-procedural CHB •Bifascicular block •QRS duration >120 ms •All associated with pacing dependence at 30 d	na
Bacik et alE25	49.8% AVB 6.3% SSS 43.9% others	5.5	13.8%	More than 95% pacing events	12%	12	•Weight •Absence of AF •Aortic peak gradient •Aortic valve area •Severity of pulmonary hypertension	na	na
Megaly et alE26	50.6% AVB 34.9% others	na	35%	CHB requiring ventricular pacing	3.5%	12	na	na	na
Yazdchi et alE27	78% AVB	2	8.7%	Ventricular pacing reported	87%	14	na	na	na
McCaffrey et alE28	na	na	11.2%	Ventricular pacing reported	75%	1	na	•Predictive factors of acute conduction abnormalities (4) •Predictive factors of new conductions abnormalities after discharge (5)	na
Miura et alE29	90% AVB 10% SSS	6	5%	Ventricular pacing reported	40%	12	na	na	na
Dhakal et alE30	80% AVB 17% SSS 3% others	2	17%	Ventricular pacing rate	54%	2.7	RBBB	In univariate analysis: •Valve size •SE valve •RBBB •Prolonged PR interval	na
Total	72% AVB 1.7% SSS 3% bradycardia 23.2% others	6,5	23.8%	na	na	9	na	na	na

Values are n (%). PPI, Pacemaker implantation; na, not available; AVB, atrioventricular block; SSS, sick sinus syndrome; LBBB, left bundle branch block; VVI, single-chamber device; AF, atrial fibrillation; RBBB, right bundle branch block; PPM, permanent pacemaker; MCV, Medtronic CoreValve; TAVI, transcatheter aortic valve implantation; CHB, complete heart block; SE, self-expandable.

^∗Follow-up is reported as mean or median as given by the authors.