Table 3.
Risk-adjusted model for mortality
| Mortality, adjusted odds ratio (95% CI) | P value | |
|---|---|---|
| Patient characteristics | ||
| Age per year | 1.02 (0.97-1.07) | .48 |
| Elixhauser Comorbidity Index | 0.84 (0.64-1.10) | .20 |
| Female sex | 1.07 (0.55-2.11) | .84 |
| Income quartile | ||
| 75th-100th | 1 (Reference) | |
| 50th-75th | 1.19 (0.47-2.98) | .71 |
| 25th-50th | 1.24 (0.52-2.96) | .63 |
| 0-25th | 1.15 (0.49-2.69) | .76 |
| Primary payer | ||
| Private insurance | 1 (Reference) | |
| Medicare | 1.89 (0.20-18.1) | .58 |
| Medicaid | Omitted | |
| Other payer | Omitted | |
| Comorbidities | ||
| Congestive heart failure | 0.80 (0.37-1.73) | .57 |
| Pulmonary hypertension | 1.00 (0.44-2.27) | .99 |
| Peripheral vascular disease | 1.75 (0.78-3.93) | .18 |
| Chronic lung disease | 2.02 (0.91-4.50) | .09 |
| Diabetes | 0.70 (0.32-1.50) | .35 |
| Hypothyroidism | 0.61 (0.21-1.75) | .36 |
| Chronic kidney disease | ||
| No chronic disease | 1 (Reference) | |
| Stage 1 | Omitted | |
| Stage 2 | Omitted | |
| Stage 3 | 1.72 (0.82-3.61) | .15 |
| Stage 4 | 1.11 (0.29-4.19) | .88 |
| Stage 5/end stage renal disease | 0.72 (0.14-3.76) | .70 |
| Liver disease | 1.22 (0.18-8.25) | .84 |
| Coagulopathy | 1.48 (0.53-4.18) | .45 |
| Cancer | 1.39 (0.35-5.52) | .64 |
| Rheumatologic diseases | 2.97 (1.01-8.73) | .05 |
| Weight loss | 1.72 (0.47-6.28) | .41 |
| Electrolyte disorder | 2.74 (1.12-6.70) | .03 |
| Anemia | 1.71(0.64-4.54) | .28 |
| Procedural characteristics | ||
| Calendar year | 0.98 (0.66-4.54) | .91 |
| Timing approach | ||
| Concomitant | 1 (Reference) | |
| Early-Staged | 0.93 (0.20-4.25) | .93 |
| Late-Staged | 1.48 (0.45-4.86) | .52 |
| Elective admission for PCI | 1.41 (0.69-2.86) | .35 |
| Number of vessels stented | ||
| 1 | 1 (Reference) | |
| 2 | 2.47 (1.27-4.82) | .01 |
| 3 | 0.89 (0.14-5.51) | .90 |
| ≥4 | 3.28 (0.79-13.70) | .10 |
| Elective admission for TAVR | 0.31 (0.16-0.60) | .001 |
| TAVR access approach | ||
| Other∗ | 1 (Reference) | |
| Transapical | 2.53 (0.77-8.35) | .13 |
| Hospital characteristics | ||
| Hospital type | ||
| Rural | 1 (Reference) | |
| Metropolitan nonteaching | 1.60 (0.71-3.60) | .26 |
| Metropolitan teaching | Omitted | |
| Hospital bed size | ||
| Large | 1 (Reference) | |
| Medium | 1.53 (0.81-2.91) | .19 |
| Small | Omitted | |
| Hospital volume tertile | ||
| Low | 1 (Reference) | |
| Medium | 1.69 (0.40-7.17) | .47 |
| High | 1.18 (0.31-4.56) | .81 |
Covariates used were those retained in elastic net regression. Adjusted odds ratio reported with 95% confidence intervals. Variables with omitted values are because of low number of patients in respective group. CI, Confidence interval; PCI, percutaneous coronary intervention; TAVR, transcatheter aortic valve replacement.
∗
Other approach defined as transfemoral, transaxillary, and other approaches not otherwise specified.