Table 1.
Baseline patient characteristics
| Ross procedure overall | Conventional Ross procedure | Dacron graft inclusion technique | Autologous inclusion technique | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Number of patients | 215 | 159 | 26 | 30 |
| Age, mean ± SD | 36 ± 11.1 | 35.1 ± 10.9 | 36.5 ± 10 | 39.9 ± 12.3 |
| Sex, n (%) | ||||
| Male | 162 (75.3) | 119 (55.3) | 19 (8.8) | 24 (11.2) |
| Female | 53 (24.7) | 40 (18.6) | 7 (3.3) | 6 (2.8) |
| AV pathology, n (%) | ||||
| BAV | 147 (50.1) | 103 (35.1) | 19 (6.5) | 25 (8.5) |
| Other congenital | 5 (2.3) | 5 (2.3) | 0 | 0 |
| IE | 56 (26.1) | 44 (20.5) | 9 (4.2) | 3 (1.4) |
| Rheumatic | 32 (14) | 28 (12.3) | 1 (0.4) | 3 (1.3) |
| Degenerative | 13 (6.1) | 8 (3.8) | 2 (0.9) | 3 (1.4) |
| PVD | 3 (1.4) | 3 (1.4) | 0 | 0 |
| Previous interventions, n (%) | ||||
| AVR | 3 (1.4) | 3 (1.4) | 0 | 0 |
| AV commissurotomy | 3 (1.4) | 3 (1.4) | 0 | 0 |
| Coarctation repair | 3 (1.4) | 3 (1.4) | 0 | 0 |
| NYHA class, n (%) | ||||
| I | 95 (44.2) | 67 (31.2) | 13 (6) | 15 (7) |
| II | 109 (50.7) | 81 (37.7) | 13 (6) | 15 (7) |
| III | 10 (4.6) | 10 (4.6) | 0 | 0 |
| IV | 1 (0.5) | 1 (0.5) | 0 | 0 |
| Preoperative echocardiographic data | ||||
| LVEF, median (IQR) | 60 (10) | 60 (10) | 58 (10.3) | 58 (8) |
| LVEF ≥55%, n (%) | 155 (72) | 114 (52.9) | 18 (8.4) | 23 (10.7) |
| LVEF 40%-55%, n (%) | 50 (23.3) | 36 (16.8) | 8 (3.7) | 6 (2.8) |
| LVEF ≤39%, n (%) | 6 (2.8) | 5 (2.3) | 0 | 1 (0.5) |
| Missing values, n (%) | 4 (1.9) | 4 (1.9) | 0 | 0 |
| Aortic annulus, mm, median (IQR) | 24 (3) | 24 (3.75) | 24 (2.5) | 24.5 (3.5) |
| Aortic annulus ≥27 mm, n (%) | 42 (19.5) | 34 (15.8) | 2 (0.9) | 6 (2.8) |
| Sinuses of Valsalva, mm, median (IQR) | 36 (7) | 35 (9) | 34 (4.75) | 38 (3.75) |
| Ascending aorta (proximal), mm, median (IQR) | 36 (9) | 36 (9.75) | 34.5 (10.5) | 40 (9.75) |
| Ascending aorta ≥45 mm, n (%) | 27 (12.6) | 12 (5.6) | 4 (1.9) | 11 (5.1) |
Variables with missing values were simply excluded from analysis. SD, Standard deviation; AV, aortic valve; BAV, bicuspid aortic valve; IE, infective endocarditis; PVD, prosthetic valve dysfunction; AVR, aortic valve replacement; NYHA, New York Heart Association functional class; LVEF, left ventricle ejection fraction; IQR, interquartile range.